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    US Code, Title 50 (2006 edition)

    US Code, Title 50 (2006 edition) — WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE

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    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="usc.css" /> <title>U.S.C. Title 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE <!-- AUTHORITIES-PUBLICATION-NAME:2006 Edition --> <!-- AUTHORITIES-PUBLICATION-ID:2006MNED006 --> <!-- AUTHORITIES-PUBLICATION-YEAR:2006 --> <!-- AUTHORITIES-LAWS-ENACTED-THROUGH-DATE:20070103 --> <!-- SEARCHABLE-LAWS-ENACTED-THROUGH-DATE:January 3rd, 2007 --> <!-- AUTHORITIES-USC-TITLE-NAME:TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE --> <!-- AUTHORITIES-USC-TITLE-ENUM:50 --> <!-- AUTHORITIES-USC-TITLE-STATUS:editorial --> <!-- CONVERSION-PROGRAM:xy2html.pm-0.329-20100225 --> <!-- CONVERSION-DATETIME:20100225153726 --> </title> </head> <body> <span style="font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;">50 U.S.C. </span><br/> <span style="font-size:10pt">United States Code, 2006 Edition</span><br/> <span style="font-size:10pt">Title 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE</span><br/> <span style="font-size:10pt">From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, <a href="http://www.gpo.gov">www.gpo.gov</a></span><br/><br/> <div width="700"> <!-- PDFPage:1 --> <!-- documentid:50_ currentthrough:20070103 documentPDFPage:-1 --> <!-- itempath:/500 --> <!-- itemsortkey:500AAAA --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE --> <!-- field-start:titlehead --> <h1 class="usc-title-head">TITLE 50&mdash;WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE</h1> <!-- field-end:titlehead --> <!-- field-start:analysis --> <div class="analysis"> <div><div class="analysis-head-left">Chap.</div><div class="analysis-head-right">Sec.</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">1.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Council of National Defense</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">2.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Board of Ordnance and Fortification [Repealed]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">11</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">3.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Alien Enemies</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">21</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">4.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Espionage [Repealed or Transferred]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">31</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">4A.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Photographing, Sketching, Mapping, etc., Defensive Installations [Repealed]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">45</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">4B.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Disclosure of Classified Information [Repealed]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">46</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">4C.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Atomic Weapons and Special Nuclear Materials Information Rewards</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">47a</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">5.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Arsenals, Armories, Arms, and War Material Generally</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">51</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">6.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Willful Destruction, etc., of War or National-Defense Material [Repealed]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">101</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">7.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Interference With Homing Pigeons Owned by United States [Repealed]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">111</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">8.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Explosives; Manufacture, Distribution, Storage, Use, and Possession Regulated [Repealed]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">121</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">9.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Aircraft [Omitted, Repealed, or Transferred]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">151</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">10.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Helium Gas</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">161</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">11.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Acquisition of and Expenditures on Land for National-Defense Purposes [Repealed, Omitted, or Transferred]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">171</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">12.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Vessels in Territorial Waters of United States</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">191</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">13.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Insurrection</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">201</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">14.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Wartime Voting by Land and Naval Forces [Repealed]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">301</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">15.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">National Security</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">401</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">16.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Defense Industrial Reserves</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">451</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">17.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Arming American Vessels [Repealed]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">481</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">18.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Air-Warning Screen</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">491</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">19.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Guided Missiles</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">501</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">20.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Wind Tunnels</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">511</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">21.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Abaca�AE1 Production [Omitted]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">541</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">22.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Uniform Code of Military Justice [Repealed or Omitted]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">551</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">22A.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Representation of Armed Forces Personnel Before Foreign Judicial Tribunals [Repealed]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">751</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">23.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Internal Security</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">781</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">24.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">National Defense Facilities [Repealed]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">881</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">25.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Armed Forces Reserve [Repealed or Omitted]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">901</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">26.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Gifts for Defense Purposes [Repealed]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1151</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">27.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Reserve Officer Personnel Program [Repealed or Omitted]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1181</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">28.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center" id="wide">Status of Armed Forces Personnel Appointed to Service Academies [Repealed]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1411</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">29.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">National Defense Contracts</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1431</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">30.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Federal Absentee Voting Assistance [Transferred]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1451</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">31.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations [Transferred to Chapter 53 of Title 42]</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1501</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">32.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Chemical and Biological Warfare Program</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1511</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">33.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">War Powers Resolution</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1541</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">34.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">National Emergencies</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1601</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">35.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">International Emergency Economic Powers</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1701</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">36.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Foreign Intelligence Surveillance</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1801</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">37.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">National Security Scholarships, Fellowships, and Grants</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">1901</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">38.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">2001</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">39.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Spoils of War</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">2201</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">40.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Defense Against Weapons of Mass Destruction</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">2301</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">41.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">National Nuclear Security Administration</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">2401</div></div> <div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-left">42.</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-center">Atomic Energy Defense Provisions</div><div class="three-column-analysis-style-content-right">2501</div></div> </div> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <!-- field-end:analysis --> <!-- field-start:notes --> <!-- field-start:miscellaneous-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Ratification of Japanese Treaty</h4> <p class="note-body">The Treaty of Peace with Japan, signed at San Francisco on Sept. 8, 1951, was ratified by the United States Senate on Mar. 20, 1952. For Resolution of Ratification, see Congressional Record, Vol. 98, No. 46, Thursday, Mar. 20, 1952, p. 2634. According to Proc. No. 2974, eff. Apr. 29, 1952, 17 F.R. 3813, 66 Stat. c31, terminating the national emergencies proclaimed on September 8, 1939, and May 27, 1941, and set out as a note preceding section 1 of the Appendix to this title, such treaty came into force on Apr. 28, 1952.</p> <!-- field-end:miscellaneous-note --> <!-- field-end:notes --> <!-- documentid:50_-ch1 currentthrough:20070103 documentPDFPage:1 --> <!-- itempath:/500/CHAPTER 1 --> <!-- itemsortkey:500AAAB --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!CHAPTER 1-COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE --> <!-- field-start:structuralhead --> <h3 class="chapter-head"><strong>CHAPTER 1&mdash;COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE</strong></h3> <!-- field-end:structuralhead --> <!-- field-start:analysis --> <div class="analysis"> <div><div class="analysis-head-left">Sec.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">1.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Creation, purpose, and composition of council.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">2.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Advisory commission.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">3.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Duties of council.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">4.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Rule and regulations; subordinate bodies and committees.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">5.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Reports of subordinate bodies and committees; unvouchered expenditures.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">6.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right" id="wide">Repealed.</div></div> </div> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <!-- field-end:analysis --> <!-- documentid:50_1 usckey:500000000000100000000000000000000 currentthrough:20070103 documentPDFPage:1 --> <!-- itempath:/500/CHAPTER 1/Sec. 1 --> <!-- itemsortkey:500AAAC --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!CHAPTER 1-COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!Sec. 1 --> <!-- field-start:head --> <h3 class="section-head">&sect;1. Creation, purpose, and composition of council</h3> <!-- field-end:head --> <!-- field-start:statute --> <p class="statutory-body">A Council of National Defense is established, for the coordination of industries and resources <!-- PDFPage:2 -->for the national security and welfare, to consist of the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Labor.</p> <!-- field-end:statute --> <!-- field-start:sourcecredit --> <p class="source-credit">(Aug. 29, 1916, ch. 418, &sect;2, 39 Stat. 649; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, &sect;205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)</p> <!-- field-end:sourcecredit --> <!-- field-start:notes --> <!-- field-start:codification-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Codification</h4> <p class="note-body">Sections 1 to 5 of this title are from section 2 of act Aug. 29, 1916, popularly known as the Army Appropriation Act for the fiscal year 1916.</p> <!-- field-end:codification-note --> <!-- field-start:changeofname-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Change of Name</h4> <p class="note-body">Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted &ldquo;Title 10, Armed Forces&rdquo; which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.</p> <!-- field-end:changeofname-note --> <!-- field-start:function-transfer-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Transfer of Functions</h4> <p class="note-body">For transfer of certain membership functions, insofar as they pertain to Air Force, which functions were not previously transferred from Secretary of the Army and Department of the Army to Secretary of the Air Force and Department of the Air Force, see Secretary of Defense Transfer Order No. 40 [App. C(11)], July 22, 1949.</p> <!-- field-end:function-transfer-note --> <!-- field-end:notes --> <!-- documentid:50_2 usckey:500000000000200000000000000000000 currentthrough:20070103 documentPDFPage:2 --> <!-- itempath:/500/CHAPTER 1/Sec. 2 --> <!-- itemsortkey:500AAAD --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!CHAPTER 1-COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!Sec. 2 --> <!-- field-start:head --> <h3 class="section-head">&sect;2. Advisory commission</h3> <!-- field-end:head --> <!-- field-start:statute --> <p class="statutory-body">The Council of National Defense shall nominate to the President, and the President shall appoint, an advisory commission, consisting of not more than seven persons, each of whom shall have special knowledge of some industry, public utility, or the development of some natural resource, or be otherwise specially qualified, in the opinion of the council, for the performance of the duties hereinafter provided. The members of the advisory commission shall serve without compensation, but shall be allowed actual expenses of travel and subsistence when attending meetings of the commission or engaged in investigations pertaining to its activities. The advisory commission shall hold such meetings as shall be called by the council or be provided by the rules and regulations adopted by the council for the conduct of its work.</p> <!-- field-end:statute --> <!-- field-start:sourcecredit --> <p class="source-credit">(Aug. 29, 1916, ch. 418, &sect;2, 39 Stat. 649.)</p> <!-- field-end:sourcecredit --> <!-- field-start:notes --> <!-- field-start:terminationdate-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Termination of Advisory Commissions</h4> <p class="note-body">Advisory commissions in existence on Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period following Jan. 5, 1973, unless, in the case of a commission established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such commission is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a commission established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. Advisory commissions established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a commission established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such commission is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a commission established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. See sections 3(2) and 14 of Pub. L. 92&ndash;463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770, 776, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.</p> <!-- field-end:terminationdate-note --> <!-- field-end:notes --> <!-- documentid:50_3 usckey:500000000000300000000000000000000 currentthrough:20070103 documentPDFPage:2 --> <!-- itempath:/500/CHAPTER 1/Sec. 3 --> <!-- itemsortkey:500AAAE --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!CHAPTER 1-COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!Sec. 3 --> <!-- field-start:head --> <h3 class="section-head">&sect;3. Duties of council</h3> <!-- field-end:head --> <!-- field-start:statute --> <p class="statutory-body">It shall be the duty of the Council of National Defense to supervise and direct investigations and make recommendations to the President and the heads of executive departments as to the location of railroads with reference to the frontier of the United States so as to render possible expeditious concentration of troops and supplies to points of defense; the coordination of military, industrial, and commercial purposes in the location of branch lines of railroad; the utilization of waterways; the mobilization of military and naval resources for defense; the increase of domestic production of articles and materials essential to the support of armies and of the people during the interruption of foreign commerce; the development of seagoing transportation; data as to amounts, location, method and means of production, and availability of military supplies; the giving of information to producers and manufacturers as to the class of supplies needed by the military and other services of the Government, the requirements relating thereto, and the creation of relations which will render possible in time of need the immediate concentration and utilization of the resources of the Nation.</p> <!-- field-end:statute --> <!-- field-start:sourcecredit --> <p class="source-credit">(Aug. 29, 1916, ch. 418, &sect;2, 39 Stat. 649; Nov. 9, 1921, ch. 119, &sect;3, 42 Stat. 212.)</p> <!-- field-end:sourcecredit --> <!-- field-start:notes --> <!-- field-start:codification-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Codification</h4> <p class="note-body">The words &ldquo;extensive highways and&rdquo; which preceded &ldquo;branch lines of railroad&rdquo; omitted on authority of act Nov. 9, 1921, which transferred powers and duties of Council relating to highways to Secretary of Commerce.</p> <!-- field-end:codification-note --> <!-- field-end:notes --> <!-- documentid:50_4 usckey:500000000000400000000000000000000 currentthrough:20070103 documentPDFPage:2 --> <!-- itempath:/500/CHAPTER 1/Sec. 4 --> <!-- itemsortkey:500AAAF --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!CHAPTER 1-COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!Sec. 4 --> <!-- field-start:head --> <h3 class="section-head">&sect;4. Rules and regulations; subordinate bodies and committees</h3> <!-- field-end:head --> <!-- field-start:statute --> <p class="statutory-body">The Council of National Defense shall adopt rules and regulations for the conduct of its work, which rules and regulations shall be subject to the approval of the President, and shall provide for the work of the advisory commission to the end that the special knowledge of such commission may be developed by suitable investigation, research, and inquiry and made available in conference and report for the use of the council; and the council may organize subordinate bodies for its assistance in special investigations, either by the employment of experts or by the creation of committees of specially qualified persons to serve without compensation, but to direct the investigations of experts so employed.</p> <!-- field-end:statute --> <!-- field-start:sourcecredit --> <p class="source-credit">(Aug. 29, 1916, ch. 418, &sect;2, 39 Stat. 650.)</p> <!-- field-end:sourcecredit --> <!-- field-start:notes --> <!-- field-start:terminationdate-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Termination of Advisory Commissions</h4> <p class="note-body">Advisory commissions in existence on Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period following Jan. 5, 1973, unless, in the case of a commission established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such commission is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a commission established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. Advisory commissions established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a commission established by the President or an officer of the <!-- PDFPage:3 -->Federal Government, such commission is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a commission established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. See sections 3(2) and 14 of Pub. L. 92&ndash;463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770, 776, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.</p> <!-- field-end:terminationdate-note --> <!-- field-end:notes --> <!-- documentid:50_5 usckey:500000000000500000000000000000000 currentthrough:20070103 documentPDFPage:3 --> <!-- itempath:/500/CHAPTER 1/Sec. 5 --> <!-- itemsortkey:500AAAG --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!CHAPTER 1-COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!Sec. 5 --> <!-- field-start:head --> <h3 class="section-head">&sect;5. Reports of subordinate bodies and committees; unvouchered expenditures</h3> <!-- field-end:head --> <!-- field-start:statute --> <p class="statutory-body">Reports shall be submitted by all subordinate bodies and by the advisory commission to the council, and from time to time the council shall report to the President or to the heads of executive departments upon special inquiries or subjects appropriate thereto. When deemed proper the President may authorize, in amounts stipulated by him, unvouchered expenditures.</p> <!-- field-end:statute --> <!-- field-start:sourcecredit --> <p class="source-credit">(Aug. 29, 1916, ch. 418, &sect;2, 39 Stat. 650; Aug. 7, 1946, ch. 770, &sect;1(53), 60 Stat. 870.)</p> <!-- field-end:sourcecredit --> <!-- field-start:notes --> <!-- field-start:codification-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Codification</h4> <p class="note-body">Second sentence was from a proviso to the first sentence, which was affected by act Aug. 7, 1946.</p> <!-- field-end:codification-note --> <!-- field-start:amendment-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Amendments</h4> <p class="note-body">1946&mdash;Act Aug. 7, 1946, repealed all provisions requiring annual reports to Congress of the Council's activities and expenditures.</p> <!-- field-end:amendment-note --> <!-- field-start:terminationdate-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Termination of Advisory Commissions</h4> <p class="note-body">Advisory commissions in existence on Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period following Jan. 5, 1973, unless, in the case of a commission established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such commission is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a commission established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. Advisory commissions established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a commission established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such commission is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a commission established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. See sections 3(2) and 14 of Pub. L. 92&ndash;463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770, 776, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.</p> <!-- field-end:terminationdate-note --> <!-- field-end:notes --> <!-- documentid:50_6 usckey:500000000000600000000000000000000 currentthrough:20070103 documentPDFPage:3 --> <!-- itempath:/500/CHAPTER 1/Sec. 6 --> <!-- itemsortkey:500AAAH --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!CHAPTER 1-COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!Sec. 6 --> <!-- field-start:repealedhead --> <h3 class="section-head">&sect;6. Repealed. Pub. L. 89&ndash;554, &sect;8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 644</h3> <!-- field-end:repealedhead --> <!-- field-start:repealsummary --> <p class="note-body">Section, act June 5, 1920, ch. 235, 41 Stat. 886, placed a limit on salaries of officers and employees of Council of National Defense.</p> <!-- field-end:repealsummary --> <!-- documentid:50_-ch2 currentthrough:20070103 documentPDFPage:3 --> <!-- itempath:/500/CHAPTER 2 --> <!-- itemsortkey:500AAAI --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!CHAPTER 2-BOARD OF ORDNANCE AND FORTIFICATION --> <!-- field-start:structuralhead --> <h3 class="chapter-head"><strong>CHAPTER 2&mdash;BOARD OF ORDNANCE AND FORTIFICATION</strong></h3> <!-- field-end:structuralhead --> <!-- documentid:50_11_to_15 usckey:500000000001100000000000000000000 currentthrough:20070103 documentPDFPage:3 --> <!-- itempath:/500/CHAPTER 2/Secs. 11 to 15 --> <!-- itemsortkey:500AAAJ --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!CHAPTER 2-BOARD OF ORDNANCE AND FORTIFICATION!@!Secs. 11 to 15 --> <!-- field-start:repealedhead --> <h3 class="section-head">&sect;&sect;11 to 15. Repealed. Dec. 16, 1930, ch. 14, &sect;1, 46 Stat. 1029</h3> <!-- field-end:repealedhead --> <!-- field-start:repealsummary --> <p class="note-body">Section 11, act Sept. 22, 1888, ch. 1028, &sect;1, 25 Stat. 489, related to composition and duties of Board of Ordnance and Fortification.</p> <p class="note-body">Section 12, act Feb. 24, 1891, ch. 283, 26 Stat. 769, provided for a civilian member of Board.</p> <p class="note-body">Section 13, act Mar. 2, 1901, ch. 803, 31 Stat. 910, provided for additional members of Board.</p> <p class="note-body">Section 14, act Feb. 18, 1893, ch. 136, 27 Stat. 461, related to qualifications of Board Members.</p> <p class="note-body">Section 15, act Sept. 22, 1888, ch. 1028, &sect;6, 25 Stat. 490, related to purchases and tests.</p> <!-- field-end:repealsummary --> <!-- documentid:50_-ch3 currentthrough:20070103 documentPDFPage:3 --> <!-- itempath:/500/CHAPTER 3 --> <!-- itemsortkey:500AAAK --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!CHAPTER 3-ALIEN ENEMIES --> <!-- field-start:structuralhead --> <h3 class="chapter-head"><strong>CHAPTER 3&mdash;ALIEN ENEMIES</strong></h3> <!-- field-end:structuralhead --> <!-- field-start:analysis --> <div class="analysis"> <div><div class="analysis-head-left">Sec.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">21.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Restraint, regulation, and removal.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">22.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Time allowed to settle affairs and depart.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">23.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Jurisdiction of United States courts and judges.</div></div> <div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-left">24.</div><div class="two-column-analysis-style-content-right">Duties of marshals.</div></div> </div> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <!-- field-end:analysis --> <!-- documentid:50_21 usckey:500000000002100000000000000000000 currentthrough:20070103 documentPDFPage:3 --> <!-- itempath:/500/CHAPTER 3/Sec. 21 --> <!-- itemsortkey:500AAAL --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!CHAPTER 3-ALIEN ENEMIES!@!Sec. 21 --> <!-- field-start:head --> <h3 class="section-head">&sect;21. Restraint, regulation, and removal</h3> <!-- field-end:head --> <!-- field-start:statute --> <p class="statutory-body">Whenever there is a declared war between the United States and any foreign nation or government, or any invasion or predatory incursion is perpetrated, attempted or threatened against the territory of the United States by any foreign nation or government, and the President makes public proclamation of the event, all natives, citizens, denizens, or subjects of the hostile nation or government, being of the age of fourteen years and upward, who shall be within the United States and not actually naturalized, shall be liable to be apprehended, restrained, secured, and removed as alien enemies. The President is authorized in any such event, by his proclamation thereof, or other public act, to direct the conduct to be observed on the part of the United States, toward the aliens who become so liable; the manner and degree of the restraint to which they shall be subject and in what cases, and upon what security their residence shall be permitted, and to provide for the removal of those who, not being permitted to reside within the United States, refuse or neglect to depart therefrom; and to establish any other regulations which are found necessary in the premises and for the public safety.</p> <!-- field-end:statute --> <!-- field-start:sourcecredit --> <p class="source-credit">(R.S. &sect;4067; Apr. 16, 1918, ch. 55, 40 Stat. 531.)</p> <!-- field-end:sourcecredit --> <!-- field-start:notes --> <!-- field-start:codification-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Codification</h4> <p class="note-body">R.S. &sect;4067 derived from act July 6, 1798, ch. 66, &sect;1, 1 Stat. 577.</p> <!-- field-end:codification-note --> <!-- field-start:amendment-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Amendments</h4> <p class="note-body">1918&mdash;Act Apr. 16, 1918, struck out provision restricting this section to males.</p> <!-- field-end:amendment-note --> <!-- field-start:miscellaneous-note --> <h4 class="note-head">World War II Proclamations</h4> <p class="note-body">The following proclamations under this section were issued during World War II:</p> <p class="note-body-flush2_hang3">Proc. No. 2525, Dec. 7, 1941, 6 F.R. 6321, 55 Stat. Pt. 2, 1700.</p> <p class="note-body-flush2_hang3">Proc. No. 2526, Dec. 8, 1941, 6 F.R. 6323, 55 Stat. Pt. 2, 1705.</p> <p class="note-body-flush2_hang3">Proc. No. 2527, Dec. 8, 1941, 6 F.R. 6324, 55 Stat. Pt. 2, 1707.</p> <p class="note-body-flush2_hang3">Proc. No. 2533, Dec. 29, 1941, 7 F.R. 55, 55 Stat. Pt. 2, 1714.</p> <p class="note-body-flush2_hang3">Proc. No. 2537, Jan. 14, 1942, 7 F.R. 329, 56 Stat. Pt. 2, 1933, revoked by Proc. No. 2678, Dec. 29, 1945, 11 F.R. 221, 60 Stat. Pt. 2, 1336.</p> <p class="note-body-flush2_hang3">Proc. No. 2563, July 17, 1942, 7 F.R. 5535, 56 Stat. Pt. 2, 1970.</p> <p class="note-body-flush2_hang3">Proc. No. 2655, July 14, 1945, 10 F.R. 8947, 59 Stat. Pt. 2, 870.</p> <p class="note-body-flush2_hang3">Proc. No. 2674, Dec. 7, 1945, 10 F.R. 14945, 59 Stat. Pt. 2, 889.</p> <p class="note-body-flush2_hang3">Proc. No. 2685, Apr. 11, 1946, 11 F.R. 4079, 60 Stat. Pt. 2, 1342, set out as a note preceding section 1 of Appendix to this title.</p> <h4 class="note-head">World War I Proclamations</h4> <p class="note-body">Proclamations issued under this chapter during the years 1917 and 1918 will be found in 40 Stat. 1651, 1716, 1730, and 1772.</p> <!-- PDFPage:4 --><!-- field-end:miscellaneous-note --> <!-- field-end:notes --> <!-- documentid:50_22 usckey:500000000002200000000000000000000 currentthrough:20070103 documentPDFPage:4 --> <!-- itempath:/500/CHAPTER 3/Sec. 22 --> <!-- itemsortkey:500AAAM --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!CHAPTER 3-ALIEN ENEMIES!@!Sec. 22 --> <!-- field-start:head --> <h3 class="section-head">&sect;22. Time allowed to settle affairs and depart</h3> <!-- field-end:head --> <!-- field-start:statute --> <p class="statutory-body">When an alien who becomes liable as an enemy, in the manner prescribed in section 21 of this title, is not chargeable with actual hostility, or other crime against the public safety, he shall be allowed, for the recovery, disposal, and removal of his goods and effects, and for his departure, the full time which is or shall be stipulated by any treaty then in force between the United States and the hostile nation or government of which he is a native citizen, denizen, or subject; and where no such treaty exists, or is in force, the President may ascertain and declare such reasonable time as may be consistent with the public safety, and according to the dictates of humanity and national hospitality.</p> <!-- field-end:statute --> <!-- field-start:sourcecredit --> <p class="source-credit">(R.S. &sect;4068.)</p> <!-- field-end:sourcecredit --> <!-- field-start:notes --> <!-- field-start:codification-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Codification</h4> <p class="note-body">R.S. &sect;4068 derived from acts July 6, 1798, ch. 66, &sect;1, 1 Stat. 577; July 6, 1812, ch. 130, 2 Stat. 781.</p> <!-- field-end:codification-note --> <!-- field-end:notes --> <!-- documentid:50_23 usckey:500000000002300000000000000000000 currentthrough:20070103 documentPDFPage:4 --> <!-- itempath:/500/CHAPTER 3/Sec. 23 --> <!-- itemsortkey:500AAAN --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!CHAPTER 3-ALIEN ENEMIES!@!Sec. 23 --> <!-- field-start:head --> <h3 class="section-head">&sect;23. Jurisdiction of United States courts and judges</h3> <!-- field-end:head --> <!-- field-start:statute --> <p class="statutory-body">After any such proclamation has been made, the several courts of the United States, having criminal jurisdiction, and the several justices and judges of the courts of the United States, are authorized and it shall be their duty, upon complaint against any alien enemy resident and at large within such jurisdiction or district, to the danger of the public peace or safety, and contrary to the tenor or intent of such proclamation, or other regulations which the President may have established, to cause such alien to be duly apprehended and conveyed before such court, judge, or justice; and after a full examination and hearing on such complaint, and sufficient cause appearing, to order such alien to be removed out of the territory of the United States, or to give sureties for his good behavior, or to be otherwise restrained, conformably to the proclamation or regulations established as aforesaid, and to imprison, or otherwise secure such alien, until the order which may be so made shall be performed.</p> <!-- field-end:statute --> <!-- field-start:sourcecredit --> <p class="source-credit">(R.S. &sect;4069.)</p> <!-- field-end:sourcecredit --> <!-- field-start:notes --> <!-- field-start:codification-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Codification</h4> <p class="note-body">R.S. &sect;4069 derived from act July 6, 1798, ch. 66, &sect;2, 1 Stat. 577.</p> <!-- field-end:codification-note --> <!-- field-end:notes --> <!-- documentid:50_24 usckey:500000000002400000000000000000000 currentthrough:20070103 documentPDFPage:4 --> <!-- itempath:/500/CHAPTER 3/Sec. 24 --> <!-- itemsortkey:500AAAO --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!CHAPTER 3-ALIEN ENEMIES!@!Sec. 24 --> <!-- field-start:head --> <h3 class="section-head">&sect;24. Duties of marshals</h3> <!-- field-end:head --> <!-- field-start:statute --> <p class="statutory-body">When an alien enemy is required by the President, or by order of any court, judge, or justice, to depart and to be removed, it shall be the duty of the marshal of the district in which he shall be apprehended to provide therefor and to execute such order in person, or by his deputy or other discreet person to be employed by him, by causing a removal of such alien out of the territory of the United States; and for such removal the marshal shall have the warrant of the President, or of the court, judge, or justice ordering the same, as the case may be.</p> <!-- field-end:statute --> <!-- field-start:sourcecredit --> <p class="source-credit">(R.S. &sect;4070.)</p> <!-- field-end:sourcecredit --> <!-- field-start:notes --> <!-- field-start:codification-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Codification</h4> <p class="note-body">R.S. &sect;4070 derived from act July 6, 1798, ch. 66, &sect;3, 1 Stat. 578.</p> <!-- field-end:codification-note --> <!-- field-end:notes --> <!-- documentid:50_-ch4 currentthrough:20070103 documentPDFPage:4 --> <!-- itempath:/500/CHAPTER 4 --> <!-- itemsortkey:500AAAP --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!CHAPTER 4-ESPIONAGE --> <!-- field-start:structuralhead --> <h3 class="chapter-head"><strong>CHAPTER 4&mdash;ESPIONAGE</strong></h3> <!-- field-end:structuralhead --> <!-- documentid:50_31_to_39 usckey:500000000003100000000000000000000 currentthrough:20070103 documentPDFPage:4 --> <!-- itempath:/500/CHAPTER 4/Secs. 31 to 39 --> <!-- itemsortkey:500AAAQ --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!CHAPTER 4-ESPIONAGE!@!Secs. 31 to 39 --> <!-- field-start:repealedhead --> <h3 class="section-head">&sect;&sect;31 to 39. Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 645, &sect;21, 62 Stat. 862</h3> <!-- field-end:repealedhead --> <!-- field-start:repealsummary --> <p class="note-body">Section 31, acts June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title I, &sect;1, 40 Stat. 217; Mar. 28, 1940, ch. 72, title I, &sect;1, 54 Stat. 79, related to unlawful obtaining or permitting to be obtained information affecting national defense. See section 793 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.</p> <p class="note-body">Section 32, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title I, &sect;2, 40 Stat. 218, related to unlawful disclosures affecting national defense. See section 794 of Title 18.</p> <p class="note-body">Section 33, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title I, &sect;3, 40 Stat. 219, related to seditious or disloyal acts or words in time of war. See section 2388 of Title 18. Section 33 was amended by act May 16, 1918, ch. 75, &sect;1, 40 Stat. 553, which was repealed and the original section reenacted by act Mar. 3, 1921, ch. 136, 41 Stat. 1359.</p> <p class="note-body">Section 34, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title I, &sect;4, 40 Stat. 219, related to conspiracy to violate sections 32 and 33 of this title. See sections 794 and 2388 of Title 18.</p> <p class="note-body">Section 35, acts June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title I, &sect;5, 40 Stat. 219; Mar. 28, 1940, ch. 72, &sect;2, 54 Stat. 79, related to the harboring or concealing of violators of the law. See sections 792 and 2388 of Title 18.</p> <p class="note-body">Section 36, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title I, &sect;6, 40 Stat. 219, related to designation by proclamation of prohibited areas. See section 793 of Title 18.</p> <p class="note-body">Section 37, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title I, &sect;8, 40 Stat. 219, related to places subject to provisions of sections 31 to 42 of this title. See section 2388 of Title 18.</p> <p class="note-body">Section 38, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title I, &sect;7, 40 Stat. 219, related to jurisdiction of courts-martial and military commissions.</p> <p class="note-body">Section 39, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title XIII, &sect;2, 40 Stat. 231; Proc. No. 2695, eff. July 4, 1946, 11 F.R. 7517, 60 Stat. 1352, related to jurisdiction of Canal Zone courts over offenses on high seas. See section 3241 of Title 18.</p> <!-- field-end:repealsummary --> <!-- field-start:notes --> <!-- field-start:effectivedate-repeal-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Effective Date of Repeal</h4> <p class="note-body">Repeal of sections 31 to 39 effective Sept. 1, 1948, see section 38 of act June 25, 1948, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 1 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.</p> <!-- field-end:effectivedate-repeal-note --> <!-- field-end:notes --> <!-- documentid:50_40 usckey:500000000004000000000000000000000 currentthrough:20070103 documentPDFPage:4 --> <!-- itempath:/500/CHAPTER 4/Sec. 40 --> <!-- itemsortkey:500AAAR --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!CHAPTER 4-ESPIONAGE!@!Sec. 40 --> <!-- field-start:head --> <h3 class="section-head">&sect;40. Transferred</h3> <!-- field-end:head --> <!-- field-start:statute --> <!-- field-end:statute --> <!-- field-start:notes --> <!-- field-start:codification-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Codification</h4> <p class="note-body">Section, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title XIII, &sect;1, 40 Stat. 231, defined &ldquo;United States&rdquo; as used in act June 15, 1917, and was transferred to section 195 of this title.</p> <!-- field-end:codification-note --> <!-- field-end:notes --> <!-- documentid:50_41 usckey:500000000004100000000000000000000 currentthrough:20070103 documentPDFPage:4 --> <!-- itempath:/500/CHAPTER 4/Sec. 41 --> <!-- itemsortkey:500AAAS --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!CHAPTER 4-ESPIONAGE!@!Sec. 41 --> <!-- field-start:repealedhead --> <h3 class="section-head">&sect;41. Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 645, &sect;21, 62 Stat. 862</h3> <!-- field-end:repealedhead --> <!-- field-start:repealsummary --> <p class="note-body">Section, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title VIII, &sect;4, 40 Stat. 226, defined &ldquo;Foreign government&rdquo;. See section 11 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.</p> <!-- field-end:repealsummary --> <!-- field-start:notes --> <!-- field-start:effectivedate-repeal-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Effective Date of Repeal</h4> <p class="note-body">Repeal effective Sept. 1, 1948, see section 38 of act June 25, 1948, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 1 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.</p> <!-- field-end:effectivedate-repeal-note --> <!-- field-end:notes --> <!-- documentid:50_42 usckey:500000000004200000000000000000000 currentthrough:20070103 documentPDFPage:4 --> <!-- itempath:/500/CHAPTER 4/Sec. 42 --> <!-- itemsortkey:500AAAT --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!CHAPTER 4-ESPIONAGE!@!Sec. 42 --> <!-- field-start:head --> <h3 class="section-head">&sect;42. Transferred</h3> <!-- field-end:head --> <!-- field-start:statute --> <!-- field-end:statute --> <!-- field-start:notes --> <!-- field-start:codification-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Codification</h4> <p class="note-body">Section, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title XIII, &sect;4, 40 Stat. 231, related to savings provisions and is set out as a Separability note under section 191 of this title.</p> <p class="note-body">Section was formerly classified to section 536 of Title 18 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, by act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 683.</p> <!-- PDFPage:5 --><!-- field-end:codification-note --> <!-- field-end:notes --> <!-- documentid:50_-ch4A currentthrough:20070103 documentPDFPage:4 --> <!-- itempath:/500/CHAPTER 4A --> <!-- itemsortkey:500AAAU --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!CHAPTER 4A-PHOTOGRAPHING, SKETCHING, MAPPING, ETC., DEFENSIVE INSTALLATIONS --> <!-- field-start:structuralhead --> <h3 class="chapter-head"><strong>CHAPTER 4A&mdash;PHOTOGRAPHING, SKETCHING, MAPPING, ETC., DEFENSIVE INSTALLATIONS</strong></h3> <!-- field-end:structuralhead --> <!-- documentid:50_45_to_45d usckey:500000000004500000000000000000000 currentthrough:20070103 documentPDFPage:5 --> <!-- itempath:/500/CHAPTER 4A/Secs. 45 to 45d --> <!-- itemsortkey:500AAAV --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!CHAPTER 4A-PHOTOGRAPHING, SKETCHING, MAPPING, ETC., DEFENSIVE INSTALLATIONS!@!Secs. 45 to 45d --> <!-- field-start:repealedhead --> <h3 class="section-head">&sect;&sect;45 to 45d. Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 645, &sect;21, 62 Stat. 862</h3> <!-- field-end:repealedhead --> <!-- field-start:repealsummary --> <p class="note-body">Section 45, act Jan. 12, 1938, ch. 2, &sect;1, 52 Stat. 3, related to photographing of defensive installations. See sections 795 to 797 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.</p> <p class="note-body">Section 45a, act Jan. 12, 1938, ch. 2, &sect;2, 52 Stat. 3, related to photographing, etc., from aircraft. See section 796 of Title 18.</p> <p class="note-body">Section 45b, act Jan. 12, 1938, ch. 2, &sect;3, 52 Stat. 3, related to reproducing, publishing, selling uncensored copies. See section 797 of Title 18.</p> <p class="note-body">Section 45c, act Jan. 12, 1938, ch. 2, &sect;4, 52 Stat. 4, related to definitions of &ldquo;aircraft&rdquo;, &ldquo;post&rdquo;, &ldquo;camp&rdquo;, and &ldquo;station&rdquo;. See sections 795 and 796 of Title 18.</p> <p class="note-body">Section 45d, act Jan. 12, 1938, ch. 2, &sect;5, 52 Stat. 4, related to geographical application of law.</p> <!-- field-end:repealsummary --> <!-- field-start:notes --> <!-- field-start:effectivedate-repeal-note --> <h4 class="note-head">Effective Date of Repeal</h4> <p class="note-body">Repeal of sections 45 to 45d effective Sept. 1, 1948, see section 38 of act June 25, 1948, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 1 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.</p> <!-- field-end:effectivedate-repeal-note --> <!-- field-end:notes --> <!-- documentid:50_-ch4B currentthrough:20070103 documentPDFPage:5 --> <!-- itempath:/500/CHAPTER 4B --> <!-- itemsortkey:500AAAW --> <!-- expcite:TITLE 50-WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE!@!CHAPTER 4B-DISCLOSURE OF CLASSIFIED INFORMATION --> <!-- field-start:structuralhead --> <h3 class="chapter-head"><strong>CHAPTER 4B&mdash;DISCLOSURE OF CLASSIFIED INFORMATION</strong></h3> <!-- field-end:structuralhead --> <!-- documentid:50_46_to_46b usck…

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