ukpga/1984/22 — Public Health (Control of Disease) Act 1984

Public Health (Control of Disease) Act 1984 1984 c. 22 An Act to consolidate certain enactments relating to the control of disease and to the establishment and functions of port health authorities, including enactments relating to burial and cremation and to the regulation of common lodging–houses and canal boats, with amendments to give effect to recommendations of the Law Commission. [26th June1984] Be it enacted by the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:— Part I Administrative Provisions General administration Authorities administering Act. 1 1 In this Act “ local authority ” means any of the following— a a district council; b in England, a county council for an area for which there is no district council; c in Wales, a county council or county borough council; d a London borough council; e the Common Council of the City of London; f the Sub-Treasurer of the Inner Temple and the Under Treasurer of the Middle Temple; g the Council of the Isles of Scilly. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 A local authority having jurisdiction in any part of a port health district (including the London port health district) shall not discharge in relation to it any functions which are functions of the port health authority. 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Port health districts and authorities Port health districts and authorities. 2 1 In this Act, “ port ” means— a a port as appointed for the purposes of the enactments for the time being in force relating to customs or excise other than the Port of London, or b the Port of London. 2 In this Act, subject to section 8(2) below, “ riparian authority ”, in relation to a port of a port, means— a any local authority whose district, or any part of whose district, forms part of, or abuts on, that port or part of a port, and b any conservators, commissioners or other persons having authority in, over or within that port or part of a port. 3 Subject to the provisions of this section, the Secretary of State may be order made by statutory instrument constitute a port health district either— a consisting of any area, being a port or part of a port other than the Port of London, or of two or more such areas, or b consisting of such an area, or of two or more such areas, together with so much (being either the whole or any part or parts) of the district or districts of one or more riparian authorities as (not being comprised in that area or any of those areas, as the case may be) is specified in the order. 4 An order under this section constituting a port health district may either— a constitute one riparian authority the port health authority for the district, or b constitute a joint board, consisting of representatives of two or more riparian authorities, to be the port health authority for the district. 5 A joint board so constituted a port health authority shall be a body corporate by such name as may be determined by the order constituting the port health district: 6 Where the Secretary of State proposes to make an order under this section, he shall give notice of the proposal to every riparian authority who will under the order be liable to contribute to the expenses of the port health authority. 7 If, within 28 days after notice has been given to any such riparian authority under subsection (6) above, they give notice to the Secretary of State that they object to the proposal and the objection is not withdrawn, any order made by the Secretary of State which will impose any such liability on that authority shall be subject to special parliamentary procedure. 8 All expenses of, and incidental to, the constitution of a port health district shall be payable by the port health authority. 9 So far as those expenses are expenses incurred by the Secretary of State, their amount as certified by him shall be recoverable by him from the authority as a debt due to the Crown. Jurisdiction and powers of port health authority. 3 1 An order under section 2 above constituting a port health district— a shall confer on the port health authority jurisdiction over all waters and land within the port health district, and b may assign to the port health authority any of the functions, rights and liabilities of a local authority under any enactment relating to public health, waste disposal or the control of pollution, whether passed before or after, and whether or not contained in, this Act. 2 Any such order may also assign to the port health authority any of the functions, rights and liabilities— a of a food authority under the Food Safety Act 1990; b of a local authority under Part I of the Slaughterhouses Act 1974, or c of a local authority under any of the following provisions of the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976— i section 16 (power of local authorities to obtain particulars of persons interested in land), ii section 32 (power of local authorities to execute works outside their areas), iii section 41 (evidence of resolutions and minutes of proceedings etc. ). 3 section 241 of the Local Government Act 1972 (which enables any of the provisions of that Act to be applied to a joint board of which the constituent members are local authorities) shall apply in relation to a port health authority constituted under section 2 above, notwithstanding that it may consist of a single local authority or may be a joint board of which not all the constituent members are local authorities. General provisions as to orders constituting port health districts and authorities. 4 1 An order under section 2 above may contain such incidental, consequential and supplementary provisions as appear to the Secretary of State to be necessary or proper for bringing it into operation and giving it full effect, and in particular, but without prejudice to the generality of this subsection, provisions— a for the settlement of any differences arising in consequence of the operation of the order between districts or other areas, b for the transfer of property and liabilities, and the making of any such adjustment of accounts or apportionment of liabilities between districts or other areas as may be rendered necessary by the operation of the order, and c as to the persons by or to whom any money found to be due is to be paid, and the raising of such money. 2 Where the Secretary of State proposes to make an order amending or revoking any such order, he shall give notice of his intention of the port health authority concerned and to every authority which is, or under the proposed order will be, a constituent authority. 3 If, within 28 days after notice has been given to any such authority, they give notice to the Secretary of State that they object to the proposal and the objection is not withdrawn, any order made by the Secretary of State shall be subject to special parliamentary procedure. 4 Where by virtue of subsection (7) of section 2 above or subsection (3) above an order under that section (not being an order made on the application of a local authority) is subject to special parliamentary procedure— a section 240 of the Local Government Act 1972 (which relates to the procedure for making such orders) shall have effect as if, for references to the applicants for the order and to the application for the order, there were substituted respectively references to the Secretary of State and to the order proposed to be made by him, and b the expenses incurred by the Secretary of State in connection with the making and confirmation of the order shall be paid by such council, or by such councils in such shares, as he may direct, and the amount of those expenses as certified by him, or the amount of any share of them so certified, shall be recoverable by him from the council liable for the expenses or share as a debt due to the Crown. 5 Any reference in this Act to an order constituting a port health district shall be construed as including a reference to any order made under this section for the amendment of the original order. Financial provisions as to port health authorities. 5 1 Subject to the provisions of the order constituting a port health authority under section 2 above, the authority shall have the like powers of borrowing for the purposes of their functions under the order as a local authority have for the purposes of their functions under this Act. 2 Any expenses incurred by a joint board constituted by such an order shall be defrayed by the constituent districts in such proportions and in such manner as may be determined by or in accordance with the order. 3 For the purpose of obtaining payment from constituent districts ... of the sums to be contributed by them, such a joint board shall issue precepts to the local authority of each district concerned, stating the sum to be contributed by the authority and requiring the authority, within a time limited by the precept, to pay the sums mentioned in it to the port health authority, or to such person as the port health authority may direct. 4 Any sum mentioned in a precept issued under this section by a joint board to a local authority shall be a debt due from that authority, and may be recovered accordingly, .... Port of London Extent of Port of London 6 In this Act, “ the Port of London ” means the port of that name appointed for the purposes of the enactments relating to customs or excise, together with all such waters between— a the seaward limit of the port as so established, and b imaginary straight lines drawn from latitude 51° 37” 00’ north, longitude 0° 57” 19’ east (Foulness Point in the county of Essex) to latitude 51° 46” 05’ north, longitude 1° 20” 32’ east (Gunfleet Old Lighthouse) and thence to latitude 51° 26” 36’ north, longitude 1° 25” 30’ east and thence to latitude 51° 24” 55’ north, longitude 0° 54” 21’ east (Warden Point in the county of Kent), as immediately before the coming into force of the Territorial Sea Act 1987 were within the territorial waters of Her Majesty’s dominions. Port health district and authority for Port of London. 7 1 For the purposes of this Act— a the Port of London, together with b so much (being either the whole or any part or parts) of the district or districts of one or more riparian authorities as (not being comprised in the Port of London) may be specified in an order made by the Secretary of State, shall be a port health district (in this Act referred to as “ the London port health district ”), and the Common Council of the City of London shall be the port health authority for that district. 2 The Secretary of State may by order confer on the port health authority for the London port health district (in this Act referred to as “ the London port health authority ”) jurisdiction over all waters and land within that port health district. 3 The Secretary of State may by order assign to the London port health authority any of the functions, rights and liabilities— a of a local authority under any enactment to which this paragraph applies, b of a local authority under any local statutory provision (within the meaning of the London Government Act 1963) continued in force by section 87 of that Act (which relates to certain local statutory provisions in force immediately before the 1st April 1965 which were not repealed or revoked by that Act), c of a local authority under any provision of Part II of Schedule 11 to that Act (which re–enacted with modifications certain enactments about public health in London), or d of a food authority under any provision of the Food Safety Act 1990. 4 Subsection (3)(a) above applies to the following enactments, that is to say— a the Public Health Acts 1875 to 1925; b the Public Health Act 1936; c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e the Clean Air Act 1993; f the Public Health Act 1961; g the Control of Pollution Act 1974; h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . j this Act except section 46. k the Building Act 1984 (other than Parts III of Schedule 3). l Part I of the Environmental Protection Act 1990; m Part III of the Environmental Protection Act 1990; n regulations under section 2 of the Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999. 5 The Secretary of State may by order extend to all waters and land in the London port health district any provision under which functions, rights and liabilities may be assigned by an order under subsection (3) above, or any instrument made under any such provision, in so far as it would not otherwise so extend. 6 The power to make an order under this section shall be exercisable by statutory instrument. Supplementary provisions as to London port health district. 8 1 Section 4 above has effect in relation to an order under section 7 as it has effect in relation to an order under section 2 above. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inland and coastal waters Vessels in inland or coastal waters. 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part II Control of Disease General Notifiable diseases. 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cases of notifiable disease and food poisoning to be reported. 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fees for certificates under s. 11. 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regulations for control of certain diseases. 13 1 Subject to the provisions of this section, the Secretary of State may, as respects the whole or any part of England and Wales, including coastal waters, make regulations— a with a view to the treatment of persons affected with any epidemic, endemic or infectious disease and for preventing the spread of such diseases, b for preventing danger to public health from vessels or aircraft arriving at any place, and c for preventing the spread of infection by means of any vessel or aircraft leaving any place, so far as may be necessary or expedient for the purpose of carrying out any treaty, convention, arrangement or engagement with any other country. 2 Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1) above, the Secretary of State may by any such regulations apply, with or without modifications, to any disease to which the regulations relate any enactment (including any enactment in this Act) relating to the notification of disease or to notifiable diseases. 3 Regulations made under this section may provide for— a the signals to be displayed by vessels or aircraft having on board any case of epidemic, endemic or infectious disease, b the questions to be answered by masters, pilots and other persons on board any vessel or aircraft as to cases of such disease on board during the voyage or on arrival, c requiring persons alighting from aircraft to answer questions pertaining to their state of health or their contact with infection, d the detention of vessels or aircraft and of persons on board them, e the duties to be performed in cases of such diseases by masters, pilots and other persons on board vessels or aircraft, and may authorise the making of charges and provide for the recovery of such charges and of any expenses incurred in disinfection. 4 Subject to section 14 below, regulations made under this section— a shall specify the authorities, whether county councils, county borough councils, local authorities, port health authorities, ... Local Health Boards , Special Health Authorities ... , National Health Service trusts or NHS foundation trusts , by whom they are to be enforced and executed, and b may also provide for their enforcement and execution by officers of customs and excise, but, in so far as they apply to officers of customs and excise, the regulations shall require the consent of the Commissioners of Customs and Excise. 5 Subject to section 14 below, the following persons, that is to say— a authorised officers of any such authority as is specified by the regulations in accordance with subsection (4)(a) above, and b officers of customs and excise, shall have power to enter any premises, vessel or aircraft for the purpose of executing, or superintending the execution of, regulations under this section. 6 The power to make regulations under this section shall be exercisable by statutory instrument, which shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament. 7 Any expenses incurred by a county council under this section shall, if the Secretary of State by order so directs, be defrayed as special expenses charged on such part of the county as may be provided by the order, but such an order may be revoked or varied by a subsequent order. Application of s. 13 to aerodromes. 14 1 In relation to aerodromes for the time being vested in or under the control of the Secretary of State ... . . . , and in relation to persons and aircraft arriving at or departing from any such aerodromes— a subsection (4) of section 13 above shall have effect as if, for paragraph (a) of that subsection, there were substituted the following paragraph— a may provide for their enforcement and execution by officers designated for that purpose by the Secretary of State, and , b so much of that subsection as requires the consent of the Commissioners of Customs and Excise shall not apply in relation to aerodromes for the time being vested in or under the control of the Secretary of State ..., and c subsection (5) of that section shall have effect as if, for paragraph (a) of that subsection, there were substituted the following paragraph— a officers designated in accordance with subsection (4)(a) above (as modified by section 14(1)(a) below, and . 2 In this section, “ aerodrome ” has the meaning given by section 105(1) of the Civil Aviation Act 1982. Contravention of regulations under s. 13. 15 Any person who wilfully neglects or refuses to obey or carry out, or obstructs the execution of, any regulations made under section 13 above shall, in a case where no provision is made in the regulations for his punishment, be liable on summary conviction— a to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale, and b in the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding £50 for every day on which the offence continues after conviction. Power of local authority to direct that other diseases notifiable. 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exposure of persons and articles liable to convey notifiable disease. 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information to be furnished by occupier in case of notifiable disease or food poisoning. 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trading etc. by person with notifiable disease. 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stopping of work to prevent spread of disease. 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children Exclusion from school of child liable to convey notifiable disease. 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List of day pupils at school having case of notifiable disease. 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exclusion of children from places of entertainment or assembly. 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infected articles Infected articles not to be taken or sent to be washed or cleaned. 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Library books. 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infectious matter not to be placed in dustbins. 26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Provision of disinfecting stations. 27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infected premises Prohibition of certain work on premises where notifiable disease exists. 28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Letting of house or room after recent case of notifiable disease. 29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Duty on ceasing to occupy house after recent case of notifiable disease. 30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disinfection of premises. 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removal of person from infected house. 32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public conveyances Use of public conveyance by person with notifiable disease. 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Duty of owner, driver or conductor of public conveyance. 34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infectious persons Medical examination. 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical examination of group of persons believed to comprise carrier of notifiable disease. 36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removal to hospital of person with notifiable disease. 37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Detention in hospital of person with notifiable disease. 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Common lodging–houses Keeper of common lodging–house to notify case of infectious disease. 39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical examination of inmates of common lodging–house. 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removal to hospital of inmate of common lodging–house with notifiable disease. 41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Closure of common lodging–house on account of notifiable disease. 42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Death of person suffering from notifiable disease Person dying in hosptial with notifiable disease. 43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Isolation of body of person dying with notifiable disease. 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Restriction of wakes. 45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part 2A Public Health Protection Introductory Infection or contamination 45A 1 The following provisions have effect for the interpretation of this Part. 2 “ Contamination ” includes radiation. 3 Any reference to infection or contamination is a reference to infection or contamination which presents or could present significant harm to human health. 4 Any reference to the spread of contamination includes a reference to the spread of any source of contamination. 5 Any reference to disinfection or decontamination includes a reference to the removal of any vector, agent or source of the infection or contamination. 6 Related expressions are to be read accordingly. Power to make regulations Health protection regulations: international travel etc. 45B 1 The appropriate Minister may by regulations make provision— a for preventing danger to public health from vessels, aircraft, trains or other conveyances arriving at any place, b for preventing the spread of infection or contamination by means of any vessel, aircraft, train or other conveyance leaving any place, and c for giving effect to any international agreement or arrangement relating to the spread of infection or contamination. 2 Regulations under subsection (1) may in particular include provision— a for the detention of conveyances, b for the medical examination, detention, isolation or quarantine of persons, c for the inspection, analysis, retention, isolation, quarantine or destruction of things, d for the disinfection or decontamination of conveyances, persons or things or the application of other sanitary measures, e for prohibiting or regulating the arrival or departure of conveyances and the entry or exit of persons or things, f imposing duties on masters, pilots, train managers and other persons on board conveyances and on owners and managers of ports, airports and other points of entry, and g requiring persons to provide information or answer questions (including information or questions relating to their health). Health protection regulations: domestic 45C 1 The appropriate Minister may by regulations make provision for the purpose of preventing, protecting against, controlling or providing a public health response to the incidence or spread of infection or contamination in England and Wales (whether from risks originating there or elsewhere). 2 The power in subsection (1) may be exercised— a in relation to infection or contamination generally or in relation to particular forms of infection or contamination, and b so as to make provision of a general nature, to make contingent provision or to make specific provision in response to a particular set of circumstances. 3 Regulations under subsection (1) may in particular include provision— a imposing duties on registered medical practitioners or other persons to record and notify cases or suspected cases of infection or contamination, b conferring on local authorities or other persons functions in relation to the monitoring of public health risks, and c imposing or enabling the imposition of restrictions or requirements on or in relation to persons, things or premises in the event of, or in response to, a threat to public health. 4 The restrictions or requirements mentioned in subsection (3)(c) include in particular— a a requirement that a child is to be kept away from school, b a prohibition or restriction relating to the holding of an event or gathering, c a restriction or requirement relating to the handling, transport, burial or cremation of dead bodies or the handling, transport or disposal of human remains, and d a special restriction or requirement. 5 The power in subsection (1) is subject to section 45D. 6 For the purposes of this Part— a a “ special restriction or requirement ” means a restriction or requirement which can be imposed by a justice of the peace by virtue of section 45G(2), 45H(2) or 45I(2), but b a restriction or requirement mentioned in subsection (4)(a), (b) or (c) is not to be regarded as a special restriction or requirement. Restrictions on power to make regulations under section 45C 45D 1 Regulations under section 45C may not include provision imposing a restriction or requirement by virtue of subsection (3)(c) of that section unless the appropriate Minister considers, when making the regulations, that the restriction or requirement is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by imposing it. 2 Regulations under section 45C may not include provision enabling the imposition of a restriction or requirement by virtue of subsection (3)(c) of that section unless the regulations provide that a decision to impose such a restriction or requirement may only be taken if the person taking it considers, when taking the decision, that the restriction or requirement is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by imposing it. 3 Regulations under section 45C may not include provision imposing a special restriction or requirement mentioned in section 45G(2)(a), (b), (c) or (d). 4 Regulations under section 45C may not include provision enabling the imposition of a special restriction or requirement unless— a the regulations are made in response to a serious and imminent threat to public health, or b imposition of the restriction or requirement is expressed to be contingent on there being such a threat at the time when it is imposed. 5 For the purposes of this section— a regulations “enable the imposition of a restriction or requirement” if the restriction or requirement is imposed by virtue of a decision taken under the regulations by the appropriate Minister, a local authority or other person; b regulations “impose a restriction or requirement” if the restriction or requirement is imposed without any such decision. Medical treatment 45E 1 Regulations under section 45B or 45C may not include provision requiring a person to undergo medical treatment. 2 “ Medical treatment ” includes vaccination and other prophylactic treatment. Health protection regulations: supplementary 45F 1 This section makes further provision about regulations under section 45B or 45C (“ health protection regulations ”). 2 Health protection regulations may— a confer functions on local authorities and other persons; b create offences; c enable a court to order a person convicted of any such offence to take or pay for remedial action in appropriate circumstances; d provide for the execution and enforcement of restrictions and requirements imposed by or under the regulations; e provide for appeals from and reviews of decisions taken under the regulations; f permit or prohibit the levy of charges; g permit or require the payment of incentive payments, compensation and expenses; h provide for the resolution of disputes. 3 Health protection regulations may, for the purposes of giving effect to an international agreement or arrangement, amend any enactment. 4 Health protection regulations may not confer functions on officers of Revenue and Customs unless the regulations are made with the consent of the Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs. 5 Health protection regulations may not create an offence triable on indictment or punishable with— a imprisonment, b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5A Health protection regulations that create an offence punishable with a fine and a further fine for each day on which the default continues after conviction may not provide for the further fine to exceed an amount equal to 2% of the greater of £5,000 or level 4 on the standard scale. 6 Regulations under section 45C must provide for a right of appeal to a magistrates' court against any decision taken under the regulations by virtue of which a special restriction or requirement is imposed on or in relation to a person, thing or premises. 7 Regulations under section 45C which enable a special restriction or requirement to be imposed by virtue of a decision taken under the regulations must also provide that, if the restriction or requirement is capable of remaining in force in relation to any person, thing or premises for more than a specified period, a specified person may require the continuation of the restriction or requirement to be reviewed in accordance with the regulations at specified intervals by a person determined in accordance with the regulations. 8 In relation to a special restriction or requirement mentioned in section 45G(2)(c) or (d)— a the period specified by virtue of subsection (7) and the intervals specified by virtue of that subsection must be 28 days or less, and b the regulations must require the continuation of the restriction or requirement to be reviewed without an application being made. Orders that may be made by justice of the peace Power to order health measures in relation to persons 45G 1 A justice of the peace may make an order under subsection (2) in relation to a person (“P”) if the justice is satisfied that— a P is or may be infected or contaminated, b the infection or contamination is one which presents or could present significant harm to human health, c there is a risk that P might infect or contaminate others, and d it is necessary to make the order in order to remove or reduce that risk. 2 The order may impose on or in relation to P one or more of the following restrictions or requirements— a that P submit to medical examination; b that P be removed to a hospital or other suitable establishment; c that P be detained in a hospital or other suitable establishment; d that P be kept in isolation or quarantine; e that P be disinfected or decontaminated; f that P wear protective clothing; g that P provide information or answer questions about P's health or other circumstances; h that P's health be monitored and the results reported; i that P attend training or advice sessions on how to reduce the risk of infecting or contaminating others; j that P be subject to restrictions on where P goes or with whom P has contact; k that P abstain from working or trading. 3 A justice of the peace may make an order under subsection (4) in relation to a person (“P”) if the justice is satisfied that— a P is or may be infected or contaminated, b the infection or contamination is one which presents or could present significant harm to human health, c there is a risk that a related party might infect or contaminate others, and d it is necessary to make the order in order to remove or reduce that risk. 4 The order may impose on or in relation to P a requirement that P provide information or answer questions about P's health or other circumstances (including, in particular, information or questions about the identity of a related party). 5 “ Related party ” means— a a person who has or may have infected or contaminated P, or b a person whom P has or may have infected or contaminated. 6 An order under this section may also order a person with parental responsibility (within the meaning of the Children Act 1989) for P to secure that P submits to or complies with the restrictions or requirements imposed by the order. 7 The appropriate Minister must by regulations make provision about the evidence that must be available to a justice of the peace before the justice can be satisfied as mentioned in subsection (1) or (3). 8 Any reference in this section to a person who is infected or contaminated includes a reference to a person who carries the source of an infection or contamination, and any reference to infecting or contaminating others includes a reference to passing that source to others. Power to order health measures in relation to things 45H 1 A justice of the peace may make an order under subsection (2) in relation to a thing if the justice is satisfied that— a the thing is or may be infected or contaminated, b the infection or contamination is one which presents or could present significant harm to human health, c there is a risk that the thing might infect or contaminate humans, and d it is necessary to make the order in order to remove or reduce that risk. 2 The order may impose in relation to the thing one or more of the following restrictions or requirements— a that the thing be seized or retained; b that the thing be kept in isolation or quarantine; c that the thing be disinfected or decontaminated; d in the case of a dead body, that the body be buried or cremated; e in any other case, that the thing be destroyed or disposed of. 3 A justice of the peace may make an order under subsection (4) in relation to a thing if the justice is satisfied that— a the thing is or may be infected or contaminated, b the infection or contamination is one which presents or could present significant harm to human health, c there is a risk that a related person or related thing might infect or contaminate humans, and d it is necessary to make the order in order to remove or reduce that risk. 4 The order may require— a the owner of the thing, or b any person who has or has had custody or control of the thing, to provide information or answer questions about the thing (including, in particular, information or questions about where the thing has been or about the identity of any related person or the whereabouts of any related thing). 5 “ Related person ” means— a a person who has or may have infected or contaminated the thing mentioned in subsection (3)(a), or b a person whom the thing has or may have infected or contaminated. 6 “ Related thing ” means— a a thing which has or may have infected or contaminated the thing mentioned in subsection (3)(a), or b a thing which the thing mentioned in subsection (3)(a) has or may have infected or contaminated. 7 The appropriate Minister may by regulations make provision about the evidence that must be available to a justice of the peace before the justice can be satisfied as mentioned in subsection (1) or (3). 8 In this section— a any reference to being infected or contaminated includes a reference to carrying the source of an infection or contamination, and b any reference to infecting or contaminating humans, or a person or thing, includes a reference to passing the source of an infection or contamination to humans, or to the person or thing. Power to order health measures in relation to premises 45I 1 A justice of the peace may make an order under subsection (2) in relation to premises if the justice is satisfied that— a the premises are or may be infected or contaminated, b the infection or contamination is one which presents or could present significant harm to human health, c there is a risk that the premises might infect or contaminate humans, and d it is necessary to make the order in order to remove or reduce that risk. 2 The order may impose in relation to the premises one or more of the following restrictions or requirements— a that the premises be closed; b that, in the case of a conveyance or movable structure, the conveyance or structure be detained; c that the premises be disinfected or decontaminated; d that, in the case of a building, conveyance or structure, the premises be destroyed. 3 A justice of the peace may make an order under subsection (4) in relation to premises if the justice is satisfied that— a the premises are or may be infected or contaminated or are or may be a place where infection or contamination was spread between persons or things, b the infection or contamination is one which presents or could present significant harm to human health, c there is a risk that a related person or related thing might infect or contaminate humans, and d it is necessary to make the order in order to remove or reduce that risk. 4 The order may require the owner or any occupier of the premises to provide information or answer questions about the premises (including, in particular, information about the identity of any related person or the whereabouts of any related thing). 5 “ Related person ” means— a a person who has or may have infected or contaminated the premises, b a person who has or may have infected or contaminated a person who or thing which is or has been on the premises, c a person whom the premises have or may have infected or contaminated, or d a person who has or may have been infected or contaminated by a person who or thing which is or has been on the premises. 6 “ Related thing ” means— a a thing which has or may have infected or contaminated the premises, b a thing which has or may have infected or contaminated a person who or thing which is or has been on the premises, c a thing which the premises have or may have infected or contaminated, or d a thing which has or may have been infected or contaminated by a person who or thing which is or has been on the premises. 7 The appropriate Minister may by regulations make provision about the evidence that must be available to a justice of the peace before the justice can be satisfied as mentioned in subsection (1) or (3). 8 In this section— a any reference to being infected or contaminated includes a reference to carrying the source of an infection or contamination, and b any reference to infecting or contaminating humans, or a person, thing or premises, includes a reference to passing the source of an infection or contamination to humans, or to the person, thing or premises. Orders in respect of groups 45J 1 The powers in sections 45G, 45H and 45I include power to make an order in relation to a group of persons, things or premises. 2 For those purposes, the sections have effect as follows. 3 In section 45G— a in subsections (1)(a) and (c) and (3)(a), the reference to P is a reference to each person in the group, and b in subsections (2) and (4), any reference to P is a reference to any one or more of the persons in the group. 4 In section 45H— a in subsections (1)(a) and (c) and (3)(a), the reference to the thing is a reference to each thing in the group, and b in subsections (2) and (4) any reference to the thing is a reference to any one or more of the things in the group. 5 In section 45I— a in subsections (1)(a) and (c) and (3)(a), the reference to the premises is a reference to each set of premises in the group, and b in subsections (2) and (4), any reference to the premises is a reference to any one or more of the sets of premises in the group. Part 2A orders: supplementary 45K 1 This section makes further provision about orders under sections 45G, 45H and 45I (referred to in this Part as “ Part 2A orders ”). 2 A Part 2A order may include, in addition to the restrictions or requirements mentioned in the provision under which it is made, such other restrictions or requirements as the justice considers necessary for the purpose of reducing or removing the risk in question. 3 A restriction or requirement contained in a Part 2A order may be expressed to take effect subject to conditions specified in the order. 4 Two or more Part 2A orders may be combined in a single order. 5 A Part 2A order may contain such directions as the justice considers appropriate to give effect to it. 6 Without prejudice to subsection (5)— a a Part 2A order may, if the justice is satisfied as mentioned in subsection (4) of section 61, authorise anything which may be authorised by warrant under subsection (3) of that section, and b if the order does so, section 62(1) and (1A) have effect as if— i the order were a warrant issued under section 61, and ii the person so authorised were a proper officer. 7 A Part 2A order may order the payment of compensation or expenses in connection with the taking of measures pursuant to the order. 8 A Part 2A order is authority for those persons to whom it is addressed to do such things as may be necessary to give effect to it. Period for which Part 2A order may be in force 45L 1 A Part 2A order must specify the period for which any restriction or requirement imposed by or under the order is to remain in force. 2 That period may be extended by further order of a justice of the peace. 3 In relation to restrictions or requirements mentioned in section 45G(2)(c) or (d), neither the period specified under subsection (1) nor the period of any extension under subsection (2) may exceed 28 days or such shorter period as the appropriate Minister may by regulations prescribe. 4 The appropriate Minister may by regulations prescribe, in relation to any other restrictions or requirements, the maximum period which may be specified under subsection (1) and the maximum period of any extension under subsection (2). Procedure for making, varying and revoking Part 2A orders 45M 1 The power of a justice of the peace to make a Part 2A order is exercisable on the application of a local authority. 2 Local authorities must co-operate with each other in deciding which of them should apply for a Part 2A order in any particular case. 3 The appropriate Minister must by regulations require a local authority to give notice to such persons as may be prescribed by the regulations of the making of an application for a Part 2A order, but this is subject to subsection (4). 4 If a justice of the peace considers it necessary to do so, the justice may make a Part 2A order without a person having been given such notice as is otherwise required to be given to that person under rules of court or regulations under subsection (3). 5 A Part 2A order may be varied or revoked by a justice of the peace on the application of— a an affected person, b a local authority, or c any other authority with the function of executing or enforcing the order in question. 6 In the case of an order under section 45G, the following persons are affected persons— a P, b a person with parental responsibility (within the meaning of the Children Act 1989) for P, c P's husband, wife or civil partner, d a person living with P as P's husband, wife or civil partner, and e such other persons as may be prescribed by regulations. 7 In the case of an order under section 45H(2), the following persons are affected persons— a the owner of the thing, b any person with custody or control of the thing, and c such other persons as may be prescribed by regulations. 8 In the case of an order under section 45I(2), the following persons are affected persons— a the owner of the premises, b any occupier of the premises, and c such other persons as may be prescribed by regulations. 9 In the case of an order under section 45H(4) or 45I(4), the person required to provide information or answer questions and such other persons as may be prescribed by regulations are affected persons. 10 Variation or revocation of a Part 2A order does not invalidate anything done under the order prior to the variation or revocation. 11 In this section “ regulations ” means regulations made by the appropriate Minister. Power to make further provision by regulations 45N 1 The appropriate Minister may by regulations make provision about the taking of measures pursuant to Part 2A orders. 2 The regulations may in particular make provision about— a the type of investigation which may be carried out as part of a medical examination; b the manner in which measures are to be taken; c who is to be responsible for executing and enforcing measures; d who is to be liable for the costs of measures; e the payment of compensation or expenses in connection with the taking of measures. 3 But the regulations may not confer functions on officers of Revenue and Customs to execute or enforce Part 2A orders unless the regulations are made with the consent of the Commissioners for Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs. Enforcement of Part 2A orders 45O 1 A person commits an offence if the person— a fails without reasonable excuse to comply with a restriction or requirement imposed by or under a Part 2A order, or b wilfully obstructs anyone acting in the execution of a Part 2A order. 2 A person guilty of an offence under subsection (1) is liable on summary conviction to a fine . 3 If— a a person is convicted of an offence under subsection (1), and b the court by which the person is convicted is satisfied that the failure or wilful obstruction constituting the offence has caused premises or things to become infected or contaminated or otherwise damaged them in a material way, the court may, if it considers it appropriate to do so, order the person to take or pay for such remedial action as may be specified in the order. 4 Subsection (5) applies if— a a Part 2A order imposes a requirement that a person be detained or kept in isolation or quarantine in a place, and b the person leaves that place contrary to the requirement. 5 A constable may take the person into custody and return the person to that place. 6 But a person may not be taken into custody under subsection (5) after expiry of the period for which the requirement is in force. Regulations under Part 2A: general General provision about regulations 45P 1 A power to make regulations under this Part is exercisable by statutory instrument. 2 A power to make regulations under this Part includes power to make different provision for different cases or different areas. Parliamentary control 45Q 1 An instrument containing regulations under this Part, except one to which subsection (4) applies, is subject to annulment— a in the case of English regulations, in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament; b in the case of Welsh regulations, in pursuance of a resolution of the National Assembly for Wales. 2 Subject to subsection (3), subsection (4) applies to an instrument containing (whether alone or with other provisions)— a regulations under section 45C, b regulations which amend an enactment pursuant to section 45F(3), c the first regulations to be made under section 45G(7), d the first regulations to be made under section 45L(4), or e the first regulations to be made under section 45N. 3 Subsection (4) does not apply by virtue of subsection (2)(a) if the instrument contains a declaration that the person making it is of the opinion that the instrument does not contain any provision made by virtue of section 45C(3)(c) which imposes or enables the imposition of— a a special restriction or requirement, or b any other restriction or requirement which has or would have a significant effect on a person's rights. 4 Subject to section 45R, an instrument to which this subsection applies may not be made unless— a in the case of English regulations, a draft of the instrument has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament; b in the case of Welsh regulations, a draft of the instrument has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, the National Assembly for Wales. 5 If an instrument, or a draft of an instrument, containing regulations under section 45B or 45C would, apart from this subsection, be treated for the purposes of the Standing Orders of either House of Parliament as a hybrid instrument, it is to proceed in that House as if it were not such an instrument. 6 In this section— “ English regulations ” means regulations made by the Secretary of State; “ Welsh regulations ” means regulations made by the Welsh Ministers. Emergency procedure 45R 1 This section applies to an instrument to which subsection (4) of section 45Q applies by virtue of subsection (2)(a) or (b) of that section. 2 The instrument may be made without a draft having been laid and approved as mentioned in subsection (4) of that section if the instrument contains a declaration that the person making it is of the opinion that, by reason of urgency, it is necessary to make the order without a draft being so laid and approved. 3 After an instrument is made in accordance with subsection (2), it must be laid— a in the case of English regulations, before each House of Parliament; b in the case of Welsh regulations, before the National Assembly for Wales. 4 Regulations contained in an instrument made in accordance with subsection (2) cease to have effect at the end of the period of 28 days beginning with the day on which the instrument is made unless, during that period, the instrument is approved— a in the case of English regulations, by a resolution of each House of Parliament; b in the case of Welsh regulations, by a resolution of the National Assembly for Wales. 5 But if on any day during that period, on proceedings on a motion that (or to the effect that) the instrument be so approved, either House of Parliament or, as the case may be, the National Assembly for Wales comes to a decision rejecting the instrument, the regulations cease to have effect at the end of that day instead. 6 In reckoning any such period of 28 days, no account is to be taken— a in the case of English regulations, of any time during which Parliament is prorogued or dissolved or during which both Houses are adjourned for more than 4 days; b in the case of Welsh regulations, of any time during which the National Assembly for Wales is dissolved or is in recess for more than 4 days. 7 Subsections (4) and (5) do not— a affect anything done in reliance on the regulations before they ceased to have effect, or b prevent the making of new regulations. 8 In this section “ English regulations ” and “ Welsh regulations ” have the same meaning as in section 45Q. General Application to territorial sea 45S The provisions of this Part have effect in relation to the territorial sea adjacent to England or Wales. Part 2A: further definitions 45T 1 This Part is to be read in accordance with this section. 2 “ Enactment ” means an enactment whenever passed or made, and includes an enactment comprised in subordinate legislation (within the meaning of the Interpretation Act 1978). 3 “ Medical examination ” includes microbiological, radiological and toxicological tests. 4 “ Special restriction or requirement ” has the meaning given by section 45C(6). 5 “ Thing ” includes— a human tissue, b a dead body or human remains, c animals, and d plant material. 6 “ The appropriate Minister ” means— a the Secretary of State, as respects England (including the sea adjacent to England out as far as the seaward boundary of the territorial sea); b the Welsh Ministers, as respects Wales (including the sea adjacent to Wales out as far as that boundary). 7 An order made under section 158(3) of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (orders to determine boundary of the sea adjacent to Wales) applies for the purposes of subsection (6) as it applies for the purposes of that Act. 8 Any reference to amending an enactment includes a reference to repealing, revoking or modifying the application of an enactment, and “amendment” is to be read accordingly. 9 Any reference to giving effect to an international agreement or arrangement includes a reference to giving effect to a recommendation issued under such an agreement or arrangement. Part III Disposal of Dead Bodies Burial and cremation. 46 1 It shall be the duty of a local authority to cause to be buried or cremated the body of any person who has died or been found dead in their area, in any case where it appears to the authority that no suitable arrangements for the disposal of the body have been or are being made otherwise than by the authority. 2 Any council which is the local authority for the purposes of the Local Authority Social Services Act 1970 may cause to be buried or cremated the body of any deceased person who immediately before his death was being provided with accommodation under Part 1 of the Care Act 2014. 2A A local authority within the meaning of the Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014 may cause to be buried or cremated the body of any deceased person who immediately before his death was being provided with accommodation under Part 4 of that Act. 3 An authority shall not cause a body to be cremated under subsection (1) or (2) above where they have reason to believe that cremation would be contrary to the wishes of the deceased. 4 Subsections (1) and (2) above do not affect any enactment regulating or authorising the burial, cremation or anatomical examination of the body of a deceased person. 5 An authority may recover from the estate of the deceased person ... expenses incurred under subsection (1) or subsection (2) above, ... 6 Without prejudice to any other method of recovery, a sum due to an authority under subsection (5) above is recoverable summarily as a civil debt by proceedings brought within three years after the sum becomes due. 7 The Secretary of State may cause such inquiries to be held as he may deem necessary or desirable for the purposes of this section. 8 The Secretary of State may by order made by statutory instrument direct that this section, in its application to the Isles of Scilly, shall have effect subject to exceptions, adaptations and modifications. Regulations about dead bodies. 47 1 The Secretary of State may make regulations imposing any conditions and restrictions— a with respect to means of disposal of dead bodies otherwise than by burial or cremation, b as to the period of time a body may be retained after death on any premises, or c with respect to embalming or preservation, which may appear to be desirable in the interests of public health or public safety. 2 The power to make regulations under this section shall be exercisable by statutory instrument. Removal of body to mortuary or for immediate burial. 48 1 If a justice of the peace (acting, if he deems it necessary, ex parte) is satisfied, on a certificate of the proper officer of the local authority for the district in which a dead body lies, that the retention of the body in any place would endanger the health of any person , he may order— a that the body be removed by, and at the cost of, the local authority to a mortuary, and b that the necessary steps be taken to secure that it is buried within a time limited by the order or, if he considers immediate burial necessary, immediately. 2 Where an order is made under subsection (1) above, relatives or friends of the deceased person shall be deemed to comply with the order if they cause the body to be cremated within the time limited by the order or, as the case may be, immediately. 3 An order under this section shall be an authority to any officer named in it to do all acts necessary for giving effect to the order. Part IV Canal Boats Regulations as to canal boats. 49 1 It shall be the duty of the Secretary of State to make regulations— a for fixing the number, age and sex of the persons who may be permitted to dwell in canal boats, regard being had to cubic space, ventilation, provision for the separation of the sexes, general healthiness and convenience of accommodation, and b for promoting cleanliness in, and ensuring the habitable condition of, canal boats, ... c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 The power to make regulations under this section shall be exercisable by statutory instrument, which shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament. 3 If any regulation in force under this section is not complied with as respects a canal boat, the master of the boat, and also the owner, if he is himself in default, shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 1 on the standard scale, and to a further fine not exceeding £2 for each day after conviction on which the non–compliance continues. Power to enter and inspect canal boats. 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Duties of local authorities and port health authorities under Part IV. 51 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 It shall be the duty of any local authority within whose district any part of a canal is situated to carry into effect ... the regulations made under section 49 above. Prosecution of offences under Part IV. 52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interpretation of Part IV. 53 In this Part of this Act— “ canal ” includes any river, inland navigation or lake, and any other waters situated wholly or partly within a county or county borough , whether those waters are or are not within the ebb and flow of the tide; “ canal boat ” means any vessel, however propelled, which is used for the conveyance of goods along a canal, not being— a a sailing barge which belongs to the class generally known as “ Thames sailing barge ” and is registered under the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 , either in the Port of London or elsewhere, or b a sea–going ship so registered, or c a vessel used for pleasure purposes only; “ master ”, in relation to a canal boat, means the person having command or charge of the boat; and “ owner ”, in relation to a canal boat, includes a person who, though only the hirer of the boat, appoints the master and other persons working the boat. Part V Miscellaneous Instruction about health and disease. 54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inducements offered by dealers in rags and old clothes. 55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .