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ASIC RG 162
ASIC RG 162 — ASIC Regulatory Guide – RG 162 Internet discussion sites
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REGULATORY GUIDE 162
Internet discussion sites
Issued 15/8/2000
Amended 4/7/2007
From 5 July 2007, this document may be referred to as Regulatory
Guide 162 (RG 162) or Interim Policy Statement 162 (IPS 162).
Paragraphs in this document may be referred to by their regulatory
guide number (e.g. RG 162.1) or their policy statement number
(e.g. IPS 162.1).
Editor’s note: The policy in this regulatory guide is based on the
Corporations Law (Law) at 2000 before the introduction of the
Corporations Act 2001 (Corporations Act) and Financial Services
Reform Act 2001 (FSR Act). Under the Law at that time, the operator
of an internet discussion site (IDS) that conducted an investment
advice business was required to have a licence. In ASIC’s view, under
the Corporations Act as amended by the FSR Act, an IDS may need to
operate under an Australian financial services (AFS) licence. We will
continue to permit an IDS to operate without an AFS licence if they
comply with our IDS guidelines: see Regulatory Guide 167 Licensing:
Discretionary powers at RG 167.85.
[Historical note: The editor’s note was inserted on 4/7/2007.]
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What this guide is about
RG 162.1 This guide explains:
A how we approach the regulation of internet discussion sites (IDS)
see RG 162.6–RG 162.11
B that this policy applies only to Australian IDS
see RG 162.12–RG 162.22
C what type of IDS can operate within our IDS guidelines
see RG 162.23–RG 162.38
D our IDS guidelines
see RG 162.39–RG 162.65
E further action.
see RG 162.66–RG 162.71
RG 162.1A This policy was developed in 2000 and it is based on the
law and market practice at that time. We plan to review it.
[Historical note: RG 162.1A was inserted on 4/7/2007.]
RG 162.2 Deleted.
RG 162.3 Deleted.
RG 162.4 Deleted.
RG 162.5 Deleted.
[Historical note: RG 162.2–RG 162.5 were deleted on 4/7/2007.]
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Contents
What this guide is about .......................................................2
A ASIC’s regulatory approach to IDS ................................4
Our policy ......................................................................4
Underlying principles .....................................................4
Explanations ..................................................................5
B This policy applies only to Australian IDS ....................6
Our policy ......................................................................6
Underlying principles .....................................................7
Explanations ..................................................................7
C What type of IDS can operate within the IDS
guidelines ...............................................................................8
Underlying principles .....................................................9
Explanations ..................................................................9
D Our IDS guidelines ...........................................................11
Explanations ..................................................................15
E Further action ...................................................................18
Status of this policy........................................................18
We will apply this policy.................................................18
Surveillance and enforcement.......................................18
Regulation impact statement.........................................18
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A ASIC’s regulatory approach to IDS
Our policy
RG 162.6 Under the Law, a person who conducts an investment
advice business must have a licence. What amounts to such a business is
widely defined, and catches IDS that allow people to exchange or
disseminate information, opinions and advice about securities. On a strict
reading of the Law, therefore, IDS may need to operate under a licence.
RG 162.7 However, we will permit a limited type of IDS to
operate without a licence if the operator complies with our guidelines.
These guidelines require that:
(a) the IDS is operated to enable people who are not securities market
professionals to exchange information that may include opinions
and advice about securities;
(b) postings on the IDS are clearly identified and kept separate from
commercial material on the site; and
(c) people who use the IDS receive adequate disclosures and
warnings including that the material posted on the IDS is
not professional investment advice.
(See IDS guidelines in Part D.)
Underlying principles
RG 162.8 The definition of investment advice business in the Law
is very broad. Some IDS are used as another means of making
professional securities advice more accessible to people. These IDS are
clearly caught by the licensing provisions and should only be operated
under a licence. But some people operate IDS not so much to allow
them to give advice as to provide an electronic meeting place for
investors who are not securities industry professionals to discuss their
experiences as investors. To require activities of this kind to operate
under a licence is arguably to burden them unduly, and may mean that
the benefits of IDS facilities cannot be fully realised. Our policy allows
this type of IDS to operate without a licence provided it does not create
risks for consumers or for the integrity of securities markets.
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RG 162.9 Our policy is a balance between three public policy
concerns:
(a) the value in people being able to communicate freely with one
another;
(b) the value in permitting an inexpensive and easy way for
consumers to better inform themselves about securities and
developments in securities markets; and
(c) the need to promote consumer protection and market integrity by
minimising the risk that IDS may be used for market
manipulation, insider trading and other abuses, or allow people to
take advantage of consumers.
Explanations
RG 162.10 Section 77(1) of the Corporations Law (Law) defines an
investment advice business as a business of advising other people about
securities, or a business in the course of which a person publishes
securities reports. The term “securities report” is defined in s9 to mean an
analysis or report about securities, and the term “publish” is defined in s9
to mean publishing “...by any means, including ... by broadcasting or
televising or in a cinematograph film...”.
RG 162.11 If an IDS posts information, opinions and advice about
securities, and is made available to the public (ie published) with
system, repetition and continuity to satisfy the test of conduct of an
investment advice business, those activities fall within these
definitions. As a result, an IDS operator conducting such activities
will be required under the Law to operate under a licence (ie have a
licence in their own right or operate as a representative of a licensee
who will be legally responsible for the operation of the IDS).
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B This policy applies only to
Australian IDS
Our policy
RG 162.12 We intend our policy to apply only to Australian IDS.
An IDS is an Australian IDS if it:
(a) targets people in Australia; or
(b) operates within Australia.
When we regard an IDS as targeting people
in Australia
RG 162.13 We will treat an IDS as targeting people in Australia if
the IDS:
(a) expressly offers the services, or makes invitations, to people in
Australia to use the facility; or
(b) pushes information about the facility to people who have
Australian addresses.
RG 162.14 If a site carries postings which mainly discuss securities
issued by entities regulated by Australian securities laws, that will
tend to indicate that it is an Australian IDS. But if it contains a clear
and prominent message that it is not meant for Australian participants,
or that it is meant only for participants in another jurisdiction, we will
not treat it as an Australian IDS.
RG 162.15 In other contexts there may also be a doubt about
whether a facility is intended for people in Australia. An IDS can
include express disclaimers that it is not a facility or service intended
for people in Australia. We will consider such a disclaimer to be
relevant additional evidence tending to indicate that the IDS is not
targeting people in Australia.
When will ASIC consider an IDS as operating
in Australia
RG 162.16 We will consider an IDS as operating within Australia if
the IDS:
(a) is operated by a person who provides the IDS facility from an
address within Australia; or
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(b) involves material for postings being forwarded to an Australian
address; or
(c) is hosted from an Australian internet address; or
(d) is offered as, or claims to be, a service/facility offered from Australia.
Underlying principles
RG 162.17 Our primary focus is on:
(a) protecting people in Australia who use or access IDS; and
(b) promoting confidence in Australian financial markets by
regulating the way IDS can operate in Australia.
RG 162.18 We want to achieve these objectives in a way that is
consistent with emerging international thinking on internet-based
securities activity and contributes to effective cooperation between
regulators in different jurisdictions.
RG 162.19 Since the internet is global, it is easy for people to
access material placed on it from anywhere in the world. We have
been careful to ensure that our approach is consistent with the
principles adopted by IOSCO for dealing with jurisdictional questions
arising from cross-border offers of securities or investment services.
RG 162.20 We have taken particular care to ensure that our
guidelines for IDS do not apply in an unintended way to IDS that
operate outside Australia. This is a concern shared by other regulators,
especially as their regulatory regimes may operate differently from the
way the Australian securities laws operate.
Explanations
RG 162.21 IOSCO has made recommendations about how
regulators should deal with jurisdictional questions in regulating
securities activities on the internet. They deal mainly with internet-
based offers of securities and do not directly deal with IDS activities.
But the tests we have developed to prevent any unintended extra-
territorial application of our IDS policy take into account the same
considerations that the IOSCO recommendations are based on, and
they are therefore consistent with IOSCO’s approach.
RG 162.22 Many IOSCO member jurisdictions have applied those
principles in deciding how they will apply local securities laws to
internet activity. We have applied them in our policy on the offer of
securities on the internet (RG 141) and, in that respect, our thinking in
this policy is the same as in RG 141.
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C What type of IDS can operate within
the IDS guidelines
RG 162.23 The IDS guidelines apply to IDS that:
(a) provide an internet facility for people who are not securities
industry professionals to display information, advice and opinions
about securities (that is, to make “postings”), such as on web
based bulletin boards; and
(b) allow other people to “view” these postings.
Interactive sites and membership based sites
RG 162.24 We will allow IDS facilities that:
(a) provide for interactive communication and allow people to
communicate online when making or altering postings; or
(b) restrict access by requiring people to become members of the IDS
facility,
to operate within the guidelines.
Newsgroups and sites where advice is given
RG 162.25 IDS that involve:
(a) newsgroups or newsletters the main purpose of which is to
provide advice about securities; or
(b) other ways of providing online securities advice,
are not within the guidelines and must operate under a licence.
Purely private sites
RG 162.26 Internet facilities used for private communications between
individuals (such as exchange of emails or private real time chat
sessions) are not IDS. Facilities of this kind are not dedicated to the
exchange of information about securities, and are not provided by a third
party as part of a business. Generally, then, they do not involve a
securities advice business and should not need a licence or need to
operate within the guidelines.
IDS operated by licensees
RG 162.27 To avoid the risk of investors being misled, licensees
must operate IDS only as a licensed activity.
[Historical note: RG 162.27 was amended on 4/7/2007 by deleting the last sentence.]
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RG 162.28 Deleted.
[Historical note: RG 162.28 was deleted on 4/7/2007.]
Underlying principles
RG 162.29 This policy is intended to cover only those IDS that are
likely to need a licence, but are so limited in scope and function that
we are prepared to allow them to operate without one. Others will
either not need a licence at all, or must be operated under a licence.
RG 162.30 Where IDS activities clearly attract the licensing
requirements in the Law because they amount to the conduct of a
securities advice business or other activity which is required to be
licensed (eg dealing in securities), those activities can only be carried
out under a licence.
Explanations
Interactive sites and membership based sites
RG 162.31 We will treat IDS that allow interactive communication
between people making postings in the same way as other IDS that do
not provide such a facility. They can operate within the guidelines
provided the postings do not involve the offer of any securities
product or advice, and otherwise comply with the guidelines.
RG 162.32 Some IDS require participants to become “members”
before they can view postings. Even if they are restricted in this way,
they are still IDS. To avoid the need to be licensed, they must comply
with the guidelines. They are still generally accessible to the public
and we do not distinguish between them and other kinds of IDS for
the purposes of these guidelines.
Newsgroups and sites where advice is given
RG 162.33 Any IDS that involves the giving of securities advice
must operate under a licence. Advice is a key professional service and
those who provide it must meet the requirements that other licensees
meet. Publishing newsletters or newsgroup information about
securities is giving advice about securities.
Purely private sites
RG 162.34 Internet activities that are purely a vehicle for private
communications between individuals and are not meant to be accessed
by other internet users are not investment advice businesses. They are
mentioned in this policy only to make it clear that we do not have an
interest in regulating them.
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IDS operated by licensees
RG 162.35 If a licensee operates an IDS, users may be prone to
regard it as part of the securities business the licensee carries on. They
may therefore treat it differently from an IDS operated by someone
who is not a licensed adviser or dealer. We do not think that the
warnings and disclosures in our guidelines are sufficient to minimise
the risk that people using the IDS will regard it as a licensed activity.
For example, postings made by a licensee, whether as an original
contribution or as a comment on other postings, will tend to have an
authority different from that of other postings. This means they should
attract the obligations that apply to the holder of a licence.
RG 162.36 In our view, therefore, it is not appropriate to allow
licensees to operate IDS except as a licensed activity. Our approach to
this issue is consistent with our general approach that unlicensed IDS
activity should be confined to situations where there is little risk of
IDS users treating an unlicensed IDS as a professional investment
advice service.
RG 162.37 Deleted.
[Historical note: RG 162.37 was deleted on 4/7/2007.]
RG 162.38 We are mindful of the apparent risk of unfairness in
allowing one person to operate a business without a licence, but
requiring another to carry on a similar business under a licence. On
the other hand, we do not think that there are significant additional
costs in licensees providing IDS activities as part of their licensed
operations. Operating the business under a licence will also allow
licensees to do things that we will not allow unlicensed operators to
do, such as provide analysts’ reports to IDS customers.
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D Our IDS guidelines
RG 162.39 If you want to operate an Australian IDS (as described
in RG 162.23) without a licence, you must comply with the guidelines
in this part.
RG 162.40 The guidelines contain three elements:
(a) requirements for disclosure and warnings to people who view the
information, opinions and advice posted on an IDS (postings);
(b) requirements for disclosure and warnings to people who make or
alter postings; and
(c) other obligations the IDS operator must satisfy.
Disclosure and warnings to people who view postings
RG 162.41 An IDS must display prominent warnings to people
before they access postings on the IDS. To meet this requirement, an
IDS must allow people to access postings only after viewing, or being
clearly asked to look at, the required warnings. There must also be
clear warnings to the following effect:
(a) the IDS operator does not endorse or vouch for the accuracy or
authenticity of postings;
(b) no-one is permitted to make postings as a licensed investment
adviser, or as a representative of a licensed adviser;
(c) postings are at best general information, not professional
investment advice prepared by taking into account any individual
circumstances and needs of particular investors. Therefore, before
acting on the basis of what is said in a posting, you should:
(i) consider consulting a licensed adviser (ASIC’s website at
www.asic.gov.au has a list of licensed advisers); and
(ii) visit ASIC’s consumer website at www.fido.gov.au for
general guidance about investing;
[Historical note: RG 162.41(c)(ii) was amended on 4/7/2007 to refer to ASIC’s
current consumer website.]
(d) people making postings are individually responsible for the
accuracy and authenticity of their postings;
(e) because of the nature of the internet, it may be hard to identify or
locate the person making a posting. The person may also be in an
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overseas jurisdiction, so it may be hard to take any legal action
against them;
(f) you will have no access to ASIC-approved dispute resolution
schemes to recover any losses you may suffer by relying on the
postings;
(g) securities cannot be offered to you for sale or issue through
postings on the IDS; and
(h) it is advisable that you alert the IDS operator or ASIC Infoline on
1300 300 630 if you have good reason to suspect that any
postings are inaccurate, are based on inside information or are
likely to mislead or deceive people who view or use the postings.
Disclosure/warnings to people making the postings
RG 162.42 An IDS must display prominent warnings to people
making postings on the IDS. The warnings should also be accessible to
people who view the postings. They must set out clear messages that:
(a) you are personally responsible for your postings (including any
alterations you make to postings). Therefore, you should not
include any misleading or deceptive information in your postings
and not carry out illegal or unauthorised activities using the IDS.
Information in postings may, where appropriate, be made
available to ASIC. ASIC and people acting on such information
may take action against you;
(b) if you include hyper-links to other sites, you may be seen as
endorsing the material on such sites. It may be advisable for you
to warn people accessing other sites that you do not endorse or
take responsibility for material in the hyper-linked sites;
(c) if you own or have some other interest in a security, or you have
any connection with a securities issuer that you might benefit
from, you must disclose that fact. For example, you may be
entitled to receive direct or indirect commissions, fees or
other benefits from a financial product or service provider; or you
may be associated with a particular securities issuer such as by
being an employee or director of a securities issuer. If so, you
must disclose that fact in your posting; and
(d) if the IDS operator finds or reasonably suspects that you are
making illegal or unauthorised postings, your right to make
postings will be withdrawn.
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Obligations of the IDS operator
RG 162.43 As an IDS operator, you:
(a) must advise us if you propose to operate within the IDS
guidelines before you commence;
(b) must label postings on the IDS and ensure they are separate from
other material that can be viewed on the site, especially
advertising or other promotional material relating to any financial
products or services. That material should be clearly recognisable
as advertising or promotional material;
(c) can use the IDS to link to financial products or services provided
by another party only if links are:
(i) contained in advertising by that party on the site; or
(ii) included in any postings made by other people within these
guidelines;
You must not, however, allow a link of this kind if it would mean
you are acting as an agent of the person offering the financial
product or service.
(d) must ensure that the IDS:
(i) contains all the disclosure and warnings required by
RG 162.41 and RG 162.42; and
(ii) provides a link from the IDS to our consumer website
containing the IDS guidelines and other relevant information
about investing;
(e) must not permit any of your directors, employees, agents or other
associated people to make postings, except to moderate or
comment on postings made by others. Where they do so, you
must ensure they:
(i) do not include misleading or deceptive information in
postings or carry out illegal or unauthorised activities using
the IDS;
(ii) disclose in postings that they are a director, employee, agent
or other associate of the IDS operator; and
(iii) disclose if you or they have any interest in the security or any
connection with the issuer of the security to which the
postings relate. For example, this includes receiving any fees
or commissions from the issuer of the securities or being an
employee or agent of that issuer.
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(f) must give us free access, as far as relevant laws allow, to your IDS
and archived member information and postings whenever we ask for
it, together with suitable search facilities (for example, search by key
words, user and company names and dates of postings);
(g) must have reasonably adequate procedures and mechanisms to:
(i) identify people making or altering postings on the IDS;
(ii) review regularly the content of the IDS;
(iii) promptly remove any content you reasonably regard as likely
to be misleading or deceptive, or to amount to illegal or
unauthorised activities (for example insider trading or
unauthorised offerings of securities);
(h) must withdraw promptly the right of people to make postings if
they reasonably appear to have been engaging in any illegal,
unauthorised or unconscionable conduct using the IDS;
(i) must notify us, as soon as practicable, of any complaints you
receive about postings that reasonably appear to be misleading or
deceptive or amount to illegal or unauthorised activities, unless
the law does not allow you to do so. The notification should
identify the people who made the postings;
(j) must archive and maintain:
(i) information about the identity of people making postings (eg
current email addresses, user names and passwords) for a
period of at least six months after their membership changes
or ceases; and
(ii) records of actual postings, and session information about the
source and path of postings for a period of at least six months.
Additional disclaimers to avoid extra
territorial application
RG 162.44 Because internet sites are globally accessible, you may
risk being subject to regulatory requirements in other jurisdictions. It
may be advisable to include an additional disclosure that the facility is
not intended for people outside Australia.
RG 162.45 In spite of the above disclaimer, if your IDS appears to
be targeting people in other jurisdictions, for example, by devoting a
substantial part of the postings to discuss securities that are offered or
traded in jurisdictions other than Australia, then you may become
subject to regulatory controls in those jurisdictions.
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IDS operated by licensees
RG 162.46 The obligations licensees have under the Law and the ASIC
Act apply to their operation of IDS facilities. For example, licensees must
be members of an ASIC approved external complaints resolution scheme.
RG 162.47 We also want to make sure that users of IDS facilities
operated by a licensee are properly warned about the nature, and
limitations, of the information they can view on an IDS, and of their
obligations if they post information. We think that there should be
warnings and disclosures of the same kind they would get upon entry to an
unlicensed site. There will need to be some changes to take account of the
fact that a licensee operates the IDS, but in general most of the warnings
and disclosures in RG 162.41 and RG 162.42 will be appropriate.
RG 162.48 Deleted.
[Historical note: RG 162.48 was deleted on 4/7/2007.]
Explanations
RG 162.49 The requirements listed in the guidelines are designed to
ensure that:
(a) people who view information on an IDS are properly informed
about the nature of the information on it;
(b) people who post information on an IDS are aware of their
responsibilities; and
(c) IDS operators make sure their sites operate as this policy requires.
Disclosure and warnings to people who view postings
RG 162.50 People who use an IDS to view information about
securities need to be fully informed about the limited nature of the
information it contains. There is a risk that information posted on an
IDS will have more credibility than it merits, and in particular that
viewers might treat it as professional investment advice that they can
or should rely on to make investment decisions.
RG 162.51 The information required by RG 162.41 is designed to
mitigate this risk, without undermining the value viewers might get by
participating in IDS.
RG 162.52 We do not allow people to make postings in their
capacity as licensees or authorised people. This is because IDS
operated within these guidelines are intended solely as a facility for
non-professionals to exchange information, advice and opinions about
securities. They should not be used or held out as facilities where
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users can get professional investment advice. If a licensed person uses
an IDS to provide opinions, that may increase the risk that users will
be misled about the nature of the service.
Disclosure/warnings to people making the postings
RG 162.53 People who post information on an IDS should know
what their responsibilities are. The information they post might be
used by others, and may be subject to regulation through the securities
laws. This might give rise to legal or other consequences people
making postings should be aware of.
RG 162.54 The information required by RG 162.42 is designed to
provide people making postings with information that will help them
to participate responsibly in an IDS.
RG 162.55 We do not allow people to make postings as licensees or
authorised representatives of licensees because IDS operating under
these guidelines are only for the use of non-professional people.
Obligations of the IDS operator
RG 162.56 Operators are responsible for making sure their IDS
stays within the limits that allow it to operate without a licence. This
means they have obligations to make sure it is not used to provide
advice in a professional capacity.
RG 162.57 They are also responsible for ensuring that advertising or
other promotional material about financial products and services displayed
on an IDS is clearly displayed as advertising and promotional material and
kept separate from postings. This is designed to make sure people reading
the material on the IDS are not likely to be confused about what are
postings and what is advertising and other promotional material.
RG 162.58 We do not allow an IDS to include links to securities reports
such as analysts reports prepared by other people. This is because, by
including these links, the IDS operator might become a person publishing
a securities report. That would mean they need to hold a licence. The IDS
operator might also become a representative of the person publishing the
securities report. If so, they need to be properly authorised by the
publisher of the report, who should be licensed.
RG 162.59 We also do not allow IDS operators to include links
from their IDS to offer documents issued by other people. This is
because by including such links, they might be acting as agents of the
person issuing the offer document, which would mean they need to
comply with the relevant provisions of the Law that apply to offers of
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securities (see also RG 118 for further guidance on the display of
prospectuses on internet facilities).
RG 162.60 IDS operators can display on the IDS advertising and
promotional material relating to financial products and services provided
they comply with the requirements specified. We do not permit IDS
operators themselves to offer any information about securities or links to
services offered by other licensees. If they did so, they may be publishing
securities reports, which is prohibited under the Law unless they operate
under a licence. If they provide links to a licensee’s services other than as
part of paid advertising, that may be an act carried out for or by
arrangement with the licensee in connection with that licensee’s securities
or investment advice business. This is an activity which can be carried out
by people holding proper authorities from that licensee.
RG 162.61 IDS operators are also responsible for ensuring that their
IDS contains the disclosures and warnings for people reading postings
and making postings.
RG 162.62 To assist us to monitor compliance with our policy, and,
more broadly, to ensure that IDS do not become vehicles for securities
fraud or other abusive practices, we also require IDS operators to keep
information about the identity of people who put information on the
site, and about the information itself. They must make this information
available to us if we ask for it.
RG 162.63 We do not wish to make IDS operators de facto
regulators, but we think it is reasonable to ask them to exercise some
diligence in checking that the content of their site is not used for
misleading or illegal activities. If they find things that might be in this
category, they should inform us and we will take appropriate action.
RG 162.64 If we have reason to suspect people who make postings are
breaching or may breach securities or other laws, we will take appropriate
action. To help us to do this, and ensure consumer protection and maintain
market integrity, we will require IDS operators to provide information to
us, unless they cannot because of privacy or other laws. We will provide
guidance to help IDS operators carry out this obligation.
IDS operated by licensees
RG 162.65 Deleted.
[Historical note: RG 162.65 was deleted on 4/7/2007.]
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E Further action
Status of this policy
[PS 162.65A] This policy was developed in 2000 and it is based on the
law and market practice at that time. We plan to review this policy.
[Historical note: The heading was amended and RG 162.65A was inserted on
4/7/2007.]
RG 162.66 Deleted.
RG 162.67 Deleted.
[Historical note: RG 162.66–RG 162.67 were deleted on 4/7/2007.]
We will apply this policy
RG 162.68 To help those who may want to establish an IDS now, we
will apply the principles set out in this policy during the review period.
We think we can do this because, while some aspects of the policy may
change, we can apply aspects to current IDS activities. We will seek to
work with parties seeking to take advantage of the policy in applying it to
their circumstances.
[Historical note: RG 162.68 amended on 4/7/2007 to refer to the review period
rather than the consultation period.]
Surveillance and enforcement
RG 162.69 We will continue to monitor IDS activities carefully. We
will focus on IDS operators’ compliance with their obligations, and on
ensuring that those who make postings are not engaging in any illegal or
improper conduct.
RG 162.70 If we find significant non-compliance by Australian IDS
operators, or evidence that Australian IDS facilities are being used to
breach the Law, we will take appropriate enforcement action.
Regulation impact statement
RG 162.71 Deleted.
[Historical note: RG 162.71 was deleted on 4/7/2007.]
© Australian Securities and Investments Commission July 2007
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