A.R.S. tit. 41 ch. 9 — Arizona Revised Statutes Title 41 Chapter 9 — Civil Rights

41-1401. Civil rights division; definition A. The civil rights division within the department of law is established. B. For the purposes of this chapter, "division" means the civil rights division within the department of law. 41-1402. Powers and duties of the division A. The division may: 1. Employ an executive director for the board and other necessary personnel whose compensation shall be as determined pursuant to section 38-611. 2. Subject to the provisions and restrictions of this chapter, cooperate with and enter into agreements with the United States equal employment opportunity commission, the United States department of housing and urban development and other United States agencies interested in practices governed by this chapter, accept monies from those agencies and carry out and perform the covenants and conditions of any written agreement with those agencies not inconsistent with or beyond this chapter. 3. Cooperate with and enter into agreements with state and local agencies not inconsistent with or beyond this chapter. 4. Intervene in a civil action brought under section 41-1481 by a complainant against a defendant other than the state. 5. After studying recommendations of the board, issue, amend or rescind procedural rules to carry out this chapter. 6. Make periodic surveys of the existence and effect of discrimination because of race, color, religion, sex, age, disability, familial status or national origin in the enjoyment of civil rights by any person within this state as prescribed by this chapter. 7. Foster, through community effort, in cooperation with both public and private groups, the elimination of discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, age, disability, familial status or national origin. 8. Issue publications of results of studies, investigations and research as in its judgment will tend to promote goodwill and the elimination of discrimination between persons because of race, color, religion, sex, age, disability, familial status or national origin. 9. Furnish persons subject to this chapter with such assistance as may be reasonably necessary to further compliance with this chapter. B. The division shall: 1. Administer this chapter. 2. Report from time to time, but not less than once a year in December, to the legislature and the governor, describing its activities and accomplishments during the year, and file with each report a copy of all recommendations of the division as to additional remedial action by legislative enactment or otherwise. 41-1403. Right to examine and copy evidence; summoning witnesses and documents and taking testimony; right to counsel; court aid; process; service and return; fees of witnesses A. In connection with the investigation of a charge filed under this chapter, the division or its duly authorized employees shall at all reasonable times have access to, for the purpose of examination, and have the right to copy any evidence of any person being investigated, if the evidence relates to unlawful practices covered by this chapter and is relevant to the charge under investigation. B. For the purpose of all hearings and investigations conducted by the board or division: 1. The division, on its own initiative, or on application of any party to the proceeding, may issue subpoenas compelling the attendance and testimony of witnesses or requiring the production for examination or copying of documents if the evidence relates to unlawful practices covered by this chapter and is relevant to the charge that is the subject matter of the hearing or investigation. Within fourteen days after the service of a subpoena on any person requiring the production of any evidence in the person's possession or under the person's control, the person may petition the division to revoke, limit or modify the subpoena. The division shall revoke, limit or modify the subpoena if in its opinion the evidence required does not relate to unlawful practices covered by this chapter, is not relevant to the charge that is the subject matter of the hearing or investigation, does not describe with sufficient particularity the evidence whose production is required, or is unduly burdensome or oppressive. Any member of the division, or any agent designated by the division may administer oaths or affirmations, examine witnesses and receive the evidence. 2. Any person appearing before the division or the board has the right to be represented by counsel. 3. The superior court, on application by the division or by the person subpoenaed, has jurisdiction to issue an order requiring the person to appear before the division, the board or the duly authorized agent of either, there to produce evidence relating to the matter under investigation if so ordered, or revoking, limiting or modifying the subpoena or conditioning issuance of the subpoena on payment of costs or expenses incurred to comply with the subpoena if in the court's opinion the evidence required does not relate to unlawful practices covered by this chapter, is not relevant to the charge that is the subject matter of the hearing or investigation, does not describe with sufficient particularity the evidence whose production is required or is unduly burdensome or oppressive. Any failure to obey the order of the court may be punished by the court as a contempt. 4. Charges, orders and other process and papers of the division, the board, or the agent of either, may be served either personally or by registered mail. The verified return by the individual so serving the same, setting forth the manner of the service, shall be proof of service. The return post office receipt when registered and mailed as provided in this paragraph shall be proof of service. Witnesses subpoenaed shall be paid the same fees and mileage that are paid witnesses in the superior court and witnesses whose depositions are taken and the persons taking the same shall be entitled to the same fees as are paid for like service in the superior court. 41-1404. Claims of no disability This chapter does not provide any basis for a claim by an individual without a disability that the individual was subject to discrimination because of the individual's lack of disability. 41-1405. Reasonable accommodation or reasonable modification not required under certain conditions A covered entity under article 4 or 8 of this chapter is not required to provide a reasonable accommodation or a reasonable modification to policies, practices or procedures to an individual who meets the definition of disability solely under section 41-1461, paragraph 5, subdivision (c) or who meets the definition of being regarded as having such a physical or mental impairment under section 41-1492. 41-1421. Voting rights; definitions A. A citizen of the United States who is a resident of this state, who is qualified to become an elector as prescribed by the terms of section 16-101 and who is otherwise qualified by law to vote at any election by or in this state or any county, city, town, school district or other political subdivision of this state is entitled to and shall be allowed to vote at those elections without discrimination because of race, color, religion, sex, ancestry or national origin. B. A qualified individual with a disability shall not be excluded from voting or be discriminated in voting under this section by reason of the disability. C. This state or any county, city, town, school district or other political subdivision of this state that makes reasonable modifications to rules, policies or practices, removes architectural and communication barriers and provides auxiliary aids and services to persons with disabilities has complied with this article. D. Compliance with title II of the Americans with disabilities act (42 United States Code sections 12131 through 12134) and its implementing regulations and the voter accessibility for the elderly and the handicapped act (42 United States Code sections 1977ee through 1977ee-6) is deemed in compliance with this article. E. For the purposes of this section: 1. "Disability" means, with respect to an individual, any of the following: (a) A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of the individual. (b) A record of such a physical or mental impairment. (c) Being regarded as having such a physical or mental impairment. 2. "Qualified individual with a disability" means an individual with a disability who, with or without reasonable modifications to rules, policies or practices, the removal of architectural and communication barriers or the provision of auxiliary aids and services, meets the eligibility requirements prescribed in subsection A of this section. 41-1441. Definitions In this article, unless the context otherwise requires: 1. "Person" means an individual, corporation, partnership, unincorporated association, or other organization, and includes the owner, lessee, operator, proprietor, manager, superintendent, agent, or employee of any place of public accommodation. 2. "Places of public accommodation" means all public places of entertainment, amusement or recreation, all public places where food or beverages are sold for consumption on the premises, all public places which are conducted for the lodging of transients or for the benefit, use or accommodation of those seeking health or recreation and all establishments which cater or offer their services, facilities or goods to or solicit patronage from the members of the general public. Any dwelling as defined in section 41-1491, or any private club, or any place which is in its nature distinctly private is not a place of public accommodation. 41-1442. Discrimination in places of public accommodation; exceptions A. Discrimination in places of public accommodation against any person because of race, color, religion, sex, national origin or ancestry is contrary to the policy of this state and shall be deemed unlawful. B. No person, directly or indirectly, shall refuse to, withhold from or deny to any person, nor aid in or incite the refusal to deny or withhold, accommodations, advantages, facilities or privileges thereof because of race, color, religion, sex, national origin or ancestry, nor shall distinction be made with respect to any person based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin or ancestry in connection with the price or quality of any item, goods or services offered by or at any place of public accommodation. C. Any person who is under the influence of alcohol or narcotics, who is guilty of boisterous conduct, who is of lewd or immoral character, who is physically violent or who violates any regulation of any place of public accommodation that applies to all persons regardless of race, color, religion, sex, national origin or ancestry may be excluded from any place of public accommodation and nothing in this article shall be considered to limit the right of such exclusion. D. Notwithstanding any other provision of this article and except as required by federal law, it is not an unlawful practice if a person fails to provide a trained and competent bilingual person who is skilled in interpreting a language other than English to assist a person who is seeking services at a place of public accommodation. Notwithstanding any other provision of this article and except as required by federal law, a person who offers a service at a place of public accommodation is not required to provide a person who is seeking the service any form or other documentation in that person's native language. E. It is not an unlawful practice pursuant to this section for a person to fail to provide service at a place of public accommodation if by providing the service the person offering the service would violate a state or federal law or a rule that is adopted by a state or federal board, commission or agency that has jurisdiction over the person offering the service. 41-1443. Breast-feeding; public place; public accommodation A mother is entitled to breast-feed in any area of a public place or a place of public accommodation where the mother is otherwise lawfully present. 41-1444. Changing stations; public buildings; definitions A. A public entity that constructs a new restroom that is accessible to the public in a public building or that totally renovates an existing restroom that is accessible to both men and women and to the public in a public building shall: 1. Include in at least one restroom in each building at least one changing station that is capable of serving both a baby and an adult and that is accessible to both men and women. 2. Provide signage at or near the entrance to the changing station indicating the location of the changing station. 3. Indicate the location of the changing station in the central building directory, if such a directory exists. B. The responsible authority may grant an exemption from the requirements of this section if the responsible authority determines that: 1. Any of the following would apply to the installation of a changing station that is capable of serving both a baby and an adult: (a) The installation would not be feasible. (b) The installation would result in a failure to comply with the Americans with disabilities act standards for access for persons with disabilities. (c) The installation would threaten or destroy the historic significance of a historic property. 2. The public building is not frequented by the public. C. The installation of a changing station under this section must provide sufficient clear floor space to comply with the requirements of the 2010 Americans with disabilities act standards for accessible design. D. This section does not establish a private right of action. E. For the purposes of this section: 1. "Public building" means a building or appurtenance to a building that is built in whole or in part with public monies. 2. "Public entity" means any: (a) State or local government. (b) Department, agency, special purpose district or other instrumentality of a state or local government, including the legislature. 3. "Responsible authority" means an organization, office or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements of a code or standard or for approving equipment, materials, an installation or a procedure. 4. "Totally renovates" means to perform construction that is at least $50,000 and that totally removes all nonstructural interior walls, floor and ceiling finishes, mechanical systems, electrical systems and plumbing fixtures and supply and waste lines. 5. "2010 Americans with disabilities act standards for accessible design" means the 2010 standards for state and local government facilities prescribed in 28 Code of Federal Regulations section 35.151 and 36 Code of Federal Regulations part 1191, appendices B and D. 41-1461. Definitions In this article, unless the context otherwise requires: 1. "Auxiliary aids and services" includes: (a) Qualified interpreters or other effective methods of making aurally delivered materials available to individuals with hearing impairments. (b) Qualified readers, taped texts or other effective methods of making visually delivered materials available to individuals with visual impairments. (c) Acquisition or modification of equipment or devices. (d) Other similar services and actions. 2. "Because of sex" and "on the basis of sex" includes because of or on the basis of pregnancy or childbirth or related medical conditions. 3. "Being regarded as having such a physical or mental impairment": (a) Means an individual who establishes that the individual has been subjected to an action prohibited under this article because of an actual or perceived physical or mental impairment whether or not the impairment limits or is perceived to limit a major life activity. (b) Does not mean an impairment that is transitory and minor. For the purposes of this subdivision, "transitory impairment" means an impairment with an actual or expected duration of six months or less. 4. "Covered entity" means an employer, employment agency, labor organization or joint labor-management committee. 5. "Disability" means, with respect to an individual, except any impairment caused by current use of illegal drugs, any of the following: (a) A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of the individual. (b) A record of such a physical or mental impairment. (c) Being regarded as having such a physical or mental impairment. 6. "Employee": (a) Means an individual employed by an employer. (b) Does not include an elected public official of this state or any political subdivision of this state, any person chosen by an elected official to be on the elected official's personal staff, an appointee on the policymaking level or an immediate adviser with respect to the exercise of the constitutional or legal powers of the office, unless the person or appointee is subject to the civil service laws of this state or any political subdivision of this state. 7. "Employer": (a) Means a person who has fifteen or more employees for each working day in each of twenty or more calendar weeks in the current or preceding calendar year and any agent of that person or a person who has one or more employees in the current or preceding calendar year and any agent of that person, to the extent that the person is alleged to have: (i) Committed any act of sexual harassment. (ii) Discriminated against anyone for opposing sexual harassment or making a charge, testifying, assisting or participating in any manner in an investigation, proceeding or hearing arising from sexual harassment. (b) Does not include either: (i) The United States or any department or agency of the United States, a corporation wholly owned by the government of the United States or an Indian tribe. (ii) A bona fide private membership club, other than a labor organization, that is exempt from taxation under section 501(c) of the internal revenue code of 1954. 8. "Employment agency" means any person regularly undertaking with or without compensation to procure employees for an employer or to procure for employees opportunities to work for an employer and includes an agent of that person. 9. "Labor organization": (a) Means a labor organization and any agent of a labor organization. (b) Includes: (i) Any organization of any kind, any agency or employee representation committee, group, association or plan in which fifteen or more employees participate and that exists for the purpose, in whole or in part, of dealing with employers concerning grievances, labor disputes, wages, rates of pay, hours or other terms or conditions of employment. (ii) Any conference, general committee, joint or system board or joint council that is subordinate to a national or international labor organization. 10. "Major life activities" includes: (a) Caring for oneself, performing manual tasks, seeing, hearing, eating, sleeping, walking, standing, lifting, bending, speaking, breathing, learning, reading, concentrating, thinking, communicating and working. (b) The operation of a major bodily function, including functions of the immune system, normal cell growth and digestive, bowel, bladder, neurological, brain, respiratory, circulatory, endocrine and reproductive functions. 11. "Person" means one or more individuals, governmental agencies, political subdivisions, labor unions, partnerships, associations, corporations, legal representatives, mutual companies, joint-stock companies, trusts, unincorporated organizations, trustees, trustees in bankruptcy or receivers. 12. "Qualified individual" means a person with a disability who, with or without reasonable accommodation, is capable of performing the essential functions of the employment position that the individual holds or desires. 13. "Reasonable accommodation" includes: (a) Making existing facilities used by employees readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities. (b) Job restructuring, part-time or modified work schedules, reassignment to a vacant position, acquisition or modification of equipment or devices, appropriate adjustment or modification of examinations, training materials or policies, the provision of qualified readers, taped texts or other effective methods of making visually delivered materials available to individuals with visual impairments, the provision of auxiliary aids and services or interpreters and other similar services and actions for individuals with disabilities. 14. "Religion" means all aspects of religious observance and practice, as well as belief. Unlawful practices as prohibited by this article include practices with respect to religion unless an employer demonstrates that the employer is unable to reasonably accommodate an employee's or prospective employee's religious observance or practice without undue hardship on the conduct of the employer's business. 15. "Undue hardship": (a) Means an action requiring significant difficulty or expense when considered in light of the factors set forth in subdivision (b) of this paragraph. (b) When determining whether an accommodation would impose an undue hardship on a covered entity, factors to be considered include: (i) The nature and cost of the accommodations needed under this article. (ii) The overall financial resources of the facility or facilities involved in the provision of the reasonable accommodation, the number of persons employed at the facility, the effect on expenses and resources of the facility and any other impact of the accommodation on the operation of the facility. (iii) The overall financial resources of the covered entity, the overall size of the business of the covered entity with respect to the number of its employees and the number, type and location of its facilities. (iv) The type of operation or operations of the covered entity, including the composition, structure and functions of the workforce of the covered entity. (v) The geographic separateness and the administrative or fiscal relationship of the facility to the covered entity. 41-1462. Exemption; nonresident aliens, religious institutions This article does not apply to an employer with respect to the employment of aliens outside any state or to a religious corporation, association, educational institution or society with respect to the employment of individuals of a particular religion to perform work connected with the carrying on by such corporation, association, educational institution or society of its activities. 41-1463. Discrimination; unlawful practices; definition A. Nothing contained in this article shall be interpreted to require that the less qualified be preferred over the better qualified simply because of race, color, religion, sex, age or national origin or on the basis of disability. B. It is an unlawful employment practice for an employer: 1. To fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to the individual's compensation, terms, conditions or privileges of employment because of the individual's race, color, religion, sex, age or national origin or on the basis of disability. 2. To limit, segregate or classify employees or applicants for employment in any way that would deprive or tend to deprive any individual of employment opportunities or otherwise adversely affect the individual's status as an employee, because of the individual's race, color, religion, sex, age or national origin or on the basis of disability. 3. To fail or refuse to hire, to discharge or to otherwise discriminate against any individual based on the results of a genetic test received by the employer, notwithstanding subsection J, paragraph 2 of this section. C. It is an unlawful employment practice for an employment agency to fail or refuse to refer for employment or otherwise to discriminate against any individual because of the individual's race, color, religion, sex, age or national origin or on the basis of disability or to classify or refer for employment any individual on the basis of the individual's race, color, religion, sex, age or national origin or on the basis of disability. D. It is an unlawful employment practice for a labor organization: 1. To exclude or to expel from its membership or otherwise to discriminate against any individual because of the individual's race, color, religion, sex, age or national origin or on the basis of disability. 2. To limit, segregate or classify its membership or applicants for membership or to classify or fail or refuse to refer for employment any individual in any way that would deprive or tend to deprive the individual of employment opportunities or would limit those employment opportunities or otherwise adversely affect the individual's status as an employee or as an applicant for employment because of the individual's race, color, religion, sex, age or national origin or on the basis of disability. 3. To cause or attempt to cause an employer to discriminate against an individual in violation of this section. E. It is an unlawful employment practice for any employer, labor organization or joint labor-management committee controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining programs, including on-the-job training programs, to discriminate against any individual because of the individual's race, color, religion, sex, age or national origin or on the basis of disability in admission to or employment in any program established to provide apprenticeship or other training and, if the individual is an otherwise qualified individual, to fail or refuse to reasonably accommodate the individual's disability. F. With respect to a qualified individual, it is an unlawful employment practice for a covered entity to: 1. Participate in any contractual or other arrangement or relationship that has the effect of subjecting a qualified individual who applies with or who is employed by the covered entity to unlawful employment discrimination on the basis of disability. 2. Use standards, criteria or methods of administration that have the effect of discriminating on the basis of disability or that perpetuate the discrimination of others who are subject to common administrative control. 3. Exclude or otherwise deny equal jobs or benefits to an individual qualified for the job or benefits because of the known disability of an individual with whom the individual qualified for the job or benefits is known to have a relationship or association. 4. Not make reasonable accommodations to the known physical or mental limitations of an otherwise qualified individual who is an applicant or employee unless the covered entity can demonstrate that the accommodation would impose an undue hardship on the operation of the business of the covered entity or the individual only meets the definition of disability as prescribed in section 41-1461, paragraph 5, subdivision (c). 5. Deny employment opportunities to a job applicant or employee who is an otherwise qualified individual if the denial is based on the need of the covered entity to make reasonable accommodation to the physical or mental impairment of the applicant or employee. 6. Use qualification standards, employment tests or other selection criteria, including those based on an individual's uncorrected vision, that screen out or tend to screen out an individual with a disability or a class of individuals with disabilities, unless the standard, test or other selection criteria, as used by the covered entity, is shown to be job related for the position in question and is consistent with business necessity. 7. Fail to select and administer tests relating to employment in the most effective manner to ensure that, when the test is administered to a job applicant or employee who has a disability that impairs sensory, manual or speaking skills, the test results accurately reflect the skills or aptitude or whatever other factor of the applicant or employee that the test purports to measure, rather than reflecting the impaired sensory, manual or speaking skills of the applicant or employee, except if the skills are the factors that the test purports to measure. G. Women who are affected by pregnancy or childbirth or related medical conditions shall be treated the same for all employment-related purposes, including receipt of benefits under fringe benefit programs, as other persons not so affected but similar in their ability or inability to work, and subsection J, paragraph 3 of this section may not be interpreted to allow otherwise. H. Notwithstanding any other provision of this article, it is not an unlawful employment practice: 1. For an employer to hire and employ employees, for an employment agency to classify or refer for employment any individual, for a labor organization to classify its membership or classify or refer for employment any individual or for an employer, labor organization or joint labor-management committee controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining programs to admit or employ any individual in any such program, on the basis of the individual's religion, sex or national origin in those certain instances when religion, sex or national origin is a bona fide occupational qualification reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business or enterprise. 2. For any school, college, university or other educational institution or institution of learning to hire and employ employees of a particular religion if the school, college, university or other educational institution or institution of learning is in whole or in substantial part owned, supported, controlled or managed by a particular religion or religious corporation, association or society, or if the curriculum of the school, college, university or other educational institution or institution of learning is directed toward the propagation of a particular religion. 3. For an employer to fail or refuse to hire or employ any individual for any position, for an employment agency to fail or refuse to refer any individual for employment in any position or for a labor organization to fail or refuse to refer any individual for employment in any position, if both of the following apply: (a) The occupancy of the position or access to the premises in or on which any part of the duties of the position are performed or are to be performed is subject to any requirement imposed in the interest of the national security of the United States under any security program in effect pursuant to or administered under any statute of the United States or any executive order of the president of the United States. (b) The individual has not fulfilled or has ceased to fulfill that requirement. 4. With respect to age, for an employer, employment agency or labor organization: (a) To take any action otherwise prohibited under subsection B, C or D of this section if age is a bona fide occupational qualification reasonably necessary to the normal operation of the particular business or if the differentiation is based on reasonable factors other than age. (b) To observe the terms of a bona fide seniority system or any bona fide employee benefit plan such as a retirement, pension, deferred compensation or insurance plan, which is not a subterfuge to evade the purposes of the age discrimination provisions of this article, except that no employee benefit plan may excuse the failure to hire any individual and no seniority system or employee benefit plan may require or allow the involuntary retirement of any individual specified by section 41-1465 because of the individual's age. (c) To discharge or otherwise discipline an individual for good cause. I. For the purposes of this article, unlawful employment practice does not include any action or measure taken by an employer, labor organization, joint labor-management committee or employment agency with respect to an individual who is a member of the communist party of the United States or of any other organization required to register as a communist-action or communist-front organization by final order of the subversive activities control board pursuant to the subversive activities control act of 1950. J. Notwithstanding any other provision of this article, it is not an unlawful employment practice: 1. For an employer to apply different standards of compensation or different terms, conditions or privileges of employment pursuant to a bona fide seniority or merit system or a system that measures earnings by quantity or quality of production or to employees who work in different locations, if these differences are not the result of an intention to discriminate because of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. 2. For an employer to give and act on the results of any professionally developed ability test if the test, its administration or action on the results is not designed, intended or used to discriminate because of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. 3. For any employer to differentiate on the basis of sex or disability in determining the amount of the wages or compensation paid or to be paid to employees of the employer if the differentiation is authorized by the provisions of section 6(d) or section 14 of the fair labor standards act of 1938, as amended (29 United States Code section 206(d)). K. Nothing contained in this chapter applies to any business or enterprise on or near an Indian reservation with respect to any publicly announced employment practice of the business or enterprise under which a preferential treatment is given to any individual because the individual is an Indian living on or near a reservation. L. Nothing contained in this article or article 6 of this chapter requires any employer, employment agency, labor organization or joint labor-management committee subject to this article to grant preferential treatment to any individual or group because of the race, color, religion, sex or national origin of the individual or group on account of an imbalance that may exist with respect to the total number or percentage of persons of any race, color, religion, sex or national origin employed by any employer, referred or classified for employment by any employment agency or labor organization, admitted to membership or classified by any labor organization or admitted to or employed in any apprenticeship or other training program, in comparison with the total number or percentage of persons of that race, color, religion, sex or national origin in any community, state, section or other area, or in the available workforce in any community, state, section or other area. M. The age discrimination prohibitions of this article may not be construed to prohibit compulsory retirement of any employee who has attained sixty-five years of age and who, for the two year period immediately before retirement, is employed in a bona fide executive or high policymaking position, if the employee is entitled to an immediate nonforfeitable annual retirement benefit from a pension, profit sharing, savings or deferred compensation plan or any combination of plans of the employer for the employee, that equals, in the aggregate, at least $44,000. In applying the retirement benefit test of this subsection, if any retirement benefit is in a form other than a straight life annuity, with no ancillary benefits, or if employees contribute to the plan or make rollover contributions, the benefit shall be adjusted in accordance with rules adopted by the division so the benefit is the equivalent of a straight life annuity, with no ancillary benefits, under a plan to which employees do not contribute and under which no rollover contributions are made. N. A covered entity may require that an individual with a disability shall not pose a direct threat to the health or safety of other individuals in the workplace. For the purposes of this subsection, "direct threat" means a significant risk to the health or safety of others that cannot be eliminated by reasonable accommodation. O. This article does not alter the standards for determining eligibility for benefits under this state's workers' compensation laws or under state and federal disability benefit programs. P. For the purposes of this section and section 41-1481, with respect to employers or employment practices involving a disability, "individual" means a qualified individual. 41-1464. Other unlawful employment practices; opposition to unlawful practices; filing of charges; participation in proceedings; notices and advertisements for employment A. It is an unlawful employment practice for an employer to discriminate against any of the employer's employees or applicants for employment, for an employment agency or joint labor-management committee controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining programs, including on-the-job training programs, to discriminate against any individual or for a labor organization to discriminate against any member or applicant for membership because the employee, the member, the applicant or the individual in an apprenticeship or other training or retraining program has opposed any practice that is an unlawful employment practice under this article or has made a charge, testified, assisted or participated in any manner in an investigation, proceeding or hearing under article 6 of this chapter. B. It is an unlawful employment practice for an employer, labor organization, employment agency or joint labor-management committee controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining programs, including on-the-job training programs, to print or publish or cause to be printed or published any notice or advertisement relating to employment by an employer or membership in or any classification or referral for employment by a labor organization or relating to any classification or referral for employment by an employment agency or relating to admission or to employment in any program established to provide apprenticeship or other training by a joint labor-management committee indicating any preference, limitation, specification or discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin, except that a notice or advertisement may indicate a preference, limitation, specification or discrimination based on religion, sex or national origin when religion, sex or national origin is a bona fide occupational qualification for employment. C. It is unlawful for an employer, labor organization or employment agency to print or publish or cause to be printed or published any notice or advertisement relating to employment by an employer or membership in or any classification or referral for employment by a labor organization or relating to any classification or referral for employment by an employment agency, indicating any preference, limitation, specification or discrimination based on age, except that the notice or advertisement may indicate a preference, limitation, specification or discrimination based on age when age is a bona fide occupational qualification for employment. 41-1465. Age discrimination; affected individuals The age discrimination prohibitions in this article are limited to individuals who are at least forty years of age. 41-1466. Medical examinations and inquiries; exception A. The prohibition against discrimination based on a disability includes medical examinations and inquiries. Except as provided in subsection B, paragraph 2, a covered entity shall not conduct a medical examination or make inquiries of a job applicant as to whether the applicant is an individual with a disability or as to the nature or severity of the disability. B. A covered entity may: 1. Make preemployment inquiries into the ability of an applicant to perform job related functions. 2. Require a medical examination after an offer of employment has been made to a job applicant and before commencement of employment duties of the applicant and may condition an offer of employment on the results of such examination if all of the following apply: (a) All entering employees are subjected to the examination regardless of disability. (b) Information obtained regarding the medical condition or history of the applicant is collected and maintained on separate forms and in separate medical files and is treated as a confidential medical record, except that the covered entity: (i) May inform supervisors and managers of necessary restrictions on the work or duties of the employee and necessary accommodations. (ii) When appropriate, may inform first aid and safety personnel if the disability might require emergency treatment. (iii) On request, shall provide relevant information to government officials investigating compliance with this article. (c) The results of the examination are used only in accordance with this section. C. A covered entity shall not require a medical examination and shall not make inquiries of an employee as to whether the employee is an individual with a disability or as to the nature or severity of the disability, unless the examination or inquiry is shown to be job related and consistent with business necessity. D. A covered entity may: 1. Conduct voluntary medical examinations, including voluntary medical histories, that are part of an employee health program available to employees at that work site. 2. Make inquiries into the ability of an employee to perform job related functions. E. Information obtained pursuant to subsections C and D regarding the medical condition or history of any employee are subject to the requirements prescribed in subsection B, paragraph 2, subdivisions (b) and (c). F. For the purposes of this section, a test to determine the illegal use of drugs is not a medical examination. 41-1467. Essential job functions Under this article and article 6 of this chapter, in determining what functions of a job are essential, consideration shall be given to the employer's judgment as to what functions of the job are essential, and if the employer has prepared a written description of the job before advertising or interviewing applicants for the job, this written description is evidence of the essential functions of the job. 41-1468. Interpretation of disability and substantially limits; definitions A. A person shall define and construe a disability in favor of broad coverage of individuals under this article to the maximum extent permitted by the terms of this article. B. A person shall interpret substantially limits consistently with the findings and purposes of the ADA amendments act of 2008 (P.L. 110-325; 122 Stat. 3553). C. An impairment that substantially limits one major life activity need not limit other major life activities in order to be considered a disability. D. An impairment that is episodic or in remission is a disability if it would substantially limit a major life activity when active. E. The determination of whether an impairment substantially limits a major life activity shall be made without regard to the ameliorative effects of mitigating measures such as: 1. Medication, medical supplies, equipment or appliances, low-vision devices, excluding ordinary eyeglasses or contact lenses, prosthetics, including limbs and devices, hearing aids and cochlear implants or other implantable hearing devices, mobility devices or oxygen therapy equipment and supplies. 2. Use of assistive technology. 3. Reasonable accommodations or auxiliary aids or services. 4. Learned behavioral or adaptive neurological modifications. F. The ameliorative effects of the mitigating measures of ordinary eyeglasses or contact lenses shall be considered in determining whether an impairment substantially limits a major life activity. G. For the purposes of this section: 1. "Low-vision devices" means devices that magnify, enhance or otherwise augment a visual image. 2. "Ordinary eyeglasses or contact lenses" means lenses that are intended to fully correct visual acuity or eliminate refractive error. 41-1471. Charge by person aggrieved; investigation; conciliation agreement; civil action; temporary relief A. Any person, referred to as the charging party, claiming to be aggrieved by an alleged discriminatory practice or act contrary to article 2 or 3 of this chapter may, within one hundred eighty days from the date of the alleged practice or act, file with the division a verified charge in writing. The verified charge shall state the name and address of the person or persons, referred to as respondent, alleged to have committed the practice or act complained of, the particulars of the alleged discrimination and other information required by the division. After a charge is filed and found to be in proper order, the division shall make an investigation of the allegations contained in the charge. On its own initiative, the division may file a charge to investigate an alleged discriminatory practice or act. B. If, upon investigation, the division determines that no unlawful discriminatory practice or act has occurred, the division shall notify the charging party and the respondent in writing of this fact and the charging party may within thirty days thereafter file a complaint with the superior court in the county where the alleged discriminatory practice or act occurred. C. If, after an investigation, the division determines that there is reasonable cause to believe that the charge is true, the division shall enter an order containing its findings of fact and shall endeavor to eliminate the alleged unlawful practice by informal methods of conference, conciliation and persuasion. Nothing said or done during and as part of the informal endeavors may be made public by the division or its officers or employees or used as evidence in a subsequent proceeding without the written consent of the persons concerned. D. If, within thirty days after the division makes a determination that reasonable cause exists to believe that the charge is true, the division has not accepted a conciliation agreement to which the charging party and the respondent are parties, the division may bring a civil action against the respondent. If the attorney general finds reasonable cause to believe that a party has breached a conciliation agreement, the attorney general may file a civil action for enforcement of the agreement. A charging party may file its own civil action against the respondent within thirty days after the division has issued its determination or may intervene in any civil action brought by the attorney general. E. If the division concludes at any time after the filing of a charge that prompt judicial action is necessary to carry out the purposes of article 2 or 3 of this chapter, the division may file a civil action for appropriate temporary or preliminary relief pending final disposition of the charge. Any temporary restraining order or other order granting preliminary or temporary relief shall be issued in accordance with the supreme court rules of civil procedure. The court having jurisdiction over the proceedings shall assign the action for hearing at the earliest practicable date and shall cause the action to be expedited in every way. 41-1472. Damages; preventive relief; civil penalties; attorney fees A. In an action under section 41-1471, if the superior court finds that discrimination in violation of section 41-1421 or 41-1442 has occurred, the court may award: 1. Actual and compensatory damages, including damages for emotional distress. 2. Court costs. 3. Preventive relief, including a permanent or temporary injunction, a restraining order or any other order against the person responsible for a violation of section 41-1421 or 41-1442. B. In an action brought by the attorney general, if the superior court finds that discrimination in violation of section 41-1421 or 41-1442 has occurred, the court may award: 1. Actual and compensatory damages, including damages for emotional distress. 2. Court costs. 3. Preventive relief, including a permanent or temporary injunction, a restraining order or any other order against the person responsible for a violation of section 41-1421 or 41-1442. 4. If appropriate to vindicate the public interest, a civil penalty against the person responsible for the violation of not more than: (a) Five thousand dollars for a first violation. (b) Ten thousand dollars for any subsequent violation. C. In an action under section 41-1471, the court shall award reasonable attorney fees to a prevailing plaintiff, other than the attorney general. The court shall not award attorney fees to a prevailing defendant unless the plaintiff's complaint was frivolous, unreasonable or without foundation. 41-1481. Filing charges; investigation; findings; conciliation; compliance proceedings; appeals; attorney fees; violation; classification A. A charge under this section shall be filed within one hundred eighty days after the alleged unlawful employment practice occurred. A charge is deemed filed on receipt by the division from or on behalf of a person claiming to be aggrieved or, if filed by a member of the division, when executed by the member on oath or affirmation. A charge is deemed filed by or on behalf of a person claiming to be aggrieved if received from the United States equal employment opportunity commission. A charge shall be in writing on oath or affirmation and shall contain the information, including the date, place and circumstances of the alleged unlawful employment practice, and be in the form as the division requires. The division shall not make charges public. B. Whenever a charge is filed by or on behalf of a person claiming to be aggrieved or by a member of the division, referred to as the charging party, alleging that an employer, employment agency, labor organization or joint labor-management committee controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining programs, including on-the-job training programs, has engaged in an unlawful employment practice, the division shall serve notice of and a copy of the charge on the employer, employment agency, labor organization or joint labor-management committee, referred to as the respondent, within ten days and shall investigate the charge. If the division determines after the investigation that there is not reasonable cause to believe that the charge is true, the division shall enter an order determining the same and dismissing the charge and shall notify the charging party and the respondent of its action. If the division determines after the investigation that there is reasonable cause to believe that the charge is true, the division shall enter an order containing its findings of fact and shall endeavor to eliminate the alleged unlawful employment practice by informal methods of conference, conciliation and persuasion. Any party to the informal proceeding may be represented by counsel. Counsel need not be a member of the state bar if counsel is licensed to practice law in any other state or territory of the United States. Nothing said or done during and as a part of the informal endeavors may be made public by the division or its officers or employees or used as evidence in a subsequent proceeding without the written consent of the persons concerned. If a civil action resulting from a charge is commenced in any federal or state court, evidence collected by or submitted to the division during the investigation of the charge and the source of the evidence shall be subject to discovery by the parties to the civil action. Any person who makes public information in violation of this subsection is guilty of a class 1 misdemeanor. The division shall make its determination on reasonable cause as promptly as possible and as far as practicable not later than sixty days from the filing of the charge. If more than two years have elapsed after the alleged unlawful employment practice occurred, and if the charging party has received a notice of right to sue, the division may cease investigation of a charge without reaching a determination. C. All conciliation agreements shall provide that the charging party waives, releases and covenants not to sue the respondent or claim against the respondent in any forum with respect to the matters which were alleged as charges filed with the division, subject to performance by the respondent of the promises and representations contained in the conciliation agreement. The charging party or the respondent may prepare a conciliation agreement that the division shall submit to the other party and that, if accepted by the other party, shall be accepted by the division. D. If within thirty days after the division has made a determination that reasonable cause exists to believe that the charge is true the division has not accepted a conciliation agreement to which the charging party and the respondent are parties, the division may bring a civil action against the respondent, other than the state, named in the charge. The charging party shall have the right to intervene in a civil action brought by the division. If a charge filed with the division pursuant to subsection A of this section is dismissed by the division or if within ninety days from the filing of such charge the division has not filed a civil action under this section or has not entered into a conciliation agreement with the charging party, the division shall so notify the charging party. After providing the notice a civil action may be brought against the respondent named in the charge by the charging party or, if that charge was filed by a member of the division, by any person whom the charge alleges was aggrieved by the alleged unlawful employment practice. In no event shall any action be brought pursuant to this article more than one year after the charge to which the action relates has been filed. On application by the complainant and in the circumstances as the court may deem just, the court may appoint an attorney for such complainant and may authorize the commencement of the action without the payment of fees, costs or security. On timely application, the court may in its discretion allow the division to intervene in civil actions in which the state is not a defendant on certification that the case is of general public importance. Upon request the court may stay further proceedings for not more than sixty days pending the further efforts of the parties or the division to obtain voluntary compliance. E. Whenever a charge is filed with the division and the division concludes on the basis of a preliminary investigation that prompt judicial action is necessary to carry out the purposes of this article or article 4 of this chapter, the division may bring an action for appropriate temporary or preliminary relief pending final disposition of the charge. Any temporary restraining order or other order granting preliminary or temporary relief shall be issued in accordance with the Arizona rules of civil procedure. The court having jurisdiction over the proceedings shall assign such action for hearing at the earliest practicable date and cause the action to be expedited in every way. F. The court shall assign any action brought under this article for hearing at the earliest practicable date and cause the action to be in every way expedited. If the action has not been scheduled for trial within one hundred twenty days after issue has been joined, the judge may appoint a master pursuant to rule 53 of the Arizona rules of civil procedure. G. If the court finds that the defendant has intentionally engaged in or is intentionally engaging in an unlawful employment practice alleged in the complaint, the court may enjoin the defendant from engaging in the unlawful employment practice and order the affirmative action as may be appropriate. Affirmative action may include, but is not limited to, reinstatement or hiring of employees with or without back pay payable by the employer, employment agency or labor organization responsible for the unlawful employment practice or any other equitable relief as the court deems appropriate. Back pay liability shall not accrue from a date more than two years before the filing of the charge with the division. Interim earnings or amounts earnable with reasonable diligence by the person or persons discriminated against shall reduce the back pay otherwise allowable. An order of the court shall not require the admission or reinstatement of an individual as a member of a union or the hiring, reinstatement or promotion of an individual as an employee or the payment to the individual of any back pay if the individual was refused admission, suspended or expelled or was refused employment or advancement or was suspended or discharged for any reason other than discrimination on account of race, color, religion, sex, age, disability or national origin or a violation of section 41-1464. H. In any case in which an employer, employment agency or labor organization fails to comply with an order of a court issued in a civil action brought under this section, a party to the action or the division on the written request of a person aggrieved by such failure may commence proceedings to compel compliance with the order. I. Any civil action brought under this section and any proceedings brought under subsection H of this section are subject to appeal as provided in sections 12-120.21, 12-120.22 and 12-120.24. J. In any action or proceeding under this section the court may allow the prevailing party, other than the division, a reasonable attorney fee as part of the costs. 41-1482. Recordkeeping; preservation of records; reports to division; furnishing information to other governmental agencies; information confidential; classification A. Every employer, employment agency and labor organization subject to article 4 of this chapter shall make and keep such records relevant to the determination of whether unlawful employment practices have been or are being committed, preserve such records for such periods and make such reports therefrom as the division shall prescribe by regulation or order, after public hearing, as reasonable, necessary or appropriate for the enforcement of this article and article 4. Compliance with reporting and recordkeeping regulations issued by the United States equal employment opportunity commission shall be compliance with this subsection. Any employer, employment agency, labor organization or joint labor-management committee which believes that the application to it of any regulation or order issued under this section would result in undue hardship may apply to the division for an exemption. If an application for such exemption is denied, a civil action may be brought in the superior court for the county where such records are kept. If the division of the court, as the case may be, finds that the application of the regulation or order to the employer, employment agency or labor organization in question, or in general, would impose an undue hardship, the division or the court, as the case may be, may grant appropriate relief. If any person required to comply with the provisions of this subsection fails or refuses to do so, the superior court for the county in which such person is found, resides or transacts business shall upon application of the division issue to such person an order requiring him to comply. B. In prescribing requirements pursuant to subsection A, the division shall consult with other interested governmental agencies and shall coordinate its requirements with those adopted by such agencies. Upon request the division may furnish to any such governmental agency charged with the administra